这项观察性研究旨在调查膳食活微生物摄入量与死亡率以及生物衰老之间的关联。1999-2018 年全国健康和营养调查的成年人被分为低、中和高膳食活微生物组。中高活微生物含量的食品被归为中高消费类别。结果包括全因死亡率、心血管死亡率和癌症死亡率，以及通过 Klemera-Doubal 方法 (KDM) 和 PhenoAge 评估的生物年龄 (BA) 加速。我们进行了多元回归分析和中介分析来评估关联性，调整潜在的混杂因素。我们的分析中总共包括 34,133 名成年人。在平均 9.92 年的随访期内，有 5,462 人死亡。在多变量调整模型中，每摄入 100 克中高组食物，就会降低全因死亡率（风险比 [HR] 0.94，95% 置信区间 [CI] 0.91 至 0.97，P < 0.001）和心血管死亡率（ HR 0.91，95% CI 0.86 至 0.96，P < 0.001），但与癌症死亡率无关（HR 1.01，95% CI 0.95 至 1.07，P = 0.768）。每 100 克中高组食物消耗量与 KDM BA 加速（完全调整回归系数 -0.09，95% CI -0.15 至 -0.04，P = 0.001）和 PhenoAge 加速（完全调整回归系数 -0.07，95%）降低相关。 CI -0.11 至 -0.03，P < 0.001）。中介分析表明，BA 加速部分介导了活微生物与死亡率的关联。我们的结果表明，较高的膳食活微生物摄入量与较低的死亡风险和较慢的生物衰老相关。然而，还需要进一步研究来验证这些发现。© 作者 2024。由牛津大学出版社代表美国老年学会出版。版权所有。如需商业重复使用，请联系 reprints@oup.com 获取转载和转载的翻译权。所有其他权限都可以通过我们网站文章页面上的权限链接通过我们的 RightsLink 服务获得 - 如需了解更多信息，请联系journals.permissions@oup.com。

This observational study aimed to investigate associations between dietary live microbe intake and mortality, as well as biological aging.Adults from the 1999-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were categorized into low, medium, and high dietary live microbe groups. Foods with medium and high live microbe content were aggregated into a medium-high consumption category. The outcomes included all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality, along with biological age (BA) acceleration assessed by the Klemera-Doubal method (KDM) and PhenoAge. Multiple regression analyses and mediation analyses were conducted to assess associations, adjusting for potential confounders.A total of 34,133 adults were included in our analyses. Over an average follow-up period of 9.92 years, 5,462 deaths occurred. In multivariate adjusted models, every 100 grams of medium-high group foods consumed was associated with reduced all-cause mortality (hazard ratio [HR] 0.94, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.91 to 0.97, P < 0.001) and cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.91, 95% CI 0.86 to 0.96, P < 0.001), but not with cancer mortality (HR 1.01, 95% CI 0.95 to 1.07, P = 0.768). Every 100 grams medium-high group foods consumption was associated with decreased KDM BA acceleration (fully adjusted regression coefficient -0.09, 95% CI -0.15 to -0.04, P = 0.001) and PhenoAge acceleration (fully adjusted regression coefficient -0.07, 95% CI -0.11 to -0.03, P < 0.001). Mediation analysis showed that BA acceleration partially mediated live microbes-mortality associations.Our results suggest that higher dietary live microbe intake is associated with lower mortality risk and slower biological aging. However, further research is needed to verify these findings.© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.