肥胖症在世界范围内的患病率有所上升，世界卫生组织已宣布其为全球流行病。人口层面的预防干预措施不足以减缓这一趋势。肥胖是一种复杂、异质、慢性、进行性疾病，严重影响健康、生活质量和死亡率。生活方式和行为干预是肥胖管理的关键组成部分；然而，单独使用时，它们会对少数人产生实质性和持久的反应。减肥（代谢）手术仍然是最有效、最持久的治疗方法，已证明除了减肥之外还有其他益处，包括心血管和肾脏健康，以及降低与肥胖相关的癌症和死亡率。在开发接近代谢手术减肥功效的药物方面已经取得了相当大的进展，并且与这些药物的使用相关的结果数据正在积累。然而，所有肥胖治疗方法均未得到充分利用。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier Ltd。保留所有权利，包括文本和数据挖掘、人工智能培训和类似技术的权利。

Obesity has increased in prevalence worldwide and WHO has declared it a global epidemic. Population-level preventive interventions have been insufficient to slow down this trajectory. Obesity is a complex, heterogeneous, chronic, and progressive disease, which substantially affects health, quality of life, and mortality. Lifestyle and behavioural interventions are key components of obesity management; however, when used alone, they provide substantial and durable response in a minority of people. Bariatric (metabolic) surgery remains the most effective and durable treatment, with proven benefits beyond weight loss, including for cardiovascular and renal health, and decreased rates of obesity-related cancers and mortality. Considerable progress has been made in the development of pharmacological agents that approach the weight loss efficacy of metabolic surgery, and relevant outcome data related to these agents' use are accumulating. However, all treatment approaches to obesity have been vastly underutilised.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.