妇科癌症，包括卵巢癌、宫颈癌、子宫内膜癌和外阴癌，在全球诊断和治疗方面提出了重大挑战。肿瘤微环境（TME）在癌症进展和治疗反应中发挥着关键作用，因此需要更深入地了解其组成和动态。这篇综述对妇科癌症肿瘤微环境进行了全面概述，强调了其细胞复杂性和治疗潜力。研究人员探索了 TME 的多种细胞成分，包括癌细胞、免疫细胞、基质细胞和细胞外基质元素，阐明它们在塑造肿瘤行为和治疗结果中的相互作用。在癌症进展的各个阶段，TME 对肿瘤异质性、免疫调节、血管生成和代谢重编程产生深远影响。通过了解 TME 内的免疫逃避机制，强调了新治疗策略的紧迫性。讨论了免疫疗法、基质靶向疗法、抗血管生成药物和代谢抑制剂等新兴方法，为改善患者预后提供了有希望的途径。强调跨学科合作和转化研究，旨在推进精准肿瘤学并提高妇科癌症的治疗效果。版权所有 © 2024。由爱思唯尔公司出版。

Gynecological cancers, including ovarian, cervical, endometrial, and vulvar cancers, present significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment globally. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in cancer progression and therapy response, necessitating a deeper understanding of its composition and dynamics. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the gynecological cancer tumor microenvironment, emphasizing its cellular complexity and therapeutic potential. The diverse cellular components of the TME, including cancer cells, immune cells, stromal cells, and extracellular matrix elements, are explored, elucidating their interplay in shaping tumor behavior and treatment outcomes. Across various stages of cancer progression, the TME exerts profound effects on tumor heterogeneity, immune modulation, angiogenesis, and metabolic reprogramming. The urgency for novel therapeutic strategies is underscored by understanding immune evasion mechanisms within the TME. Emerging approaches such as immunotherapy, stromal-targeting therapies, anti-angiogenic agents, and metabolic inhibitors are discussed, offering promising avenues for improving patient outcomes. Interdisciplinary collaborations and translational research are emphasized, aiming to advance precision oncology and enhance therapeutic efficacy in gynecological cancers.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.