随着全球肥胖和 2 型糖尿病 (T2D) 发病率持续增加，与脂肪肝相关的代谢功能障碍 (MASLD) 的患病率也在增加。目前，38% 的成年人以及 7-14% 的儿童和青少年患有 MASLD。到 2040 年，成人 MASLD 患病率预计将增至 55% 以上。尽管许多 MASLD 患者不会发展为进行性肝病，但考虑到 MASLD 患者数量庞大，它现已成为美国肝细胞癌 (HCC) 患者和女性肝移植的首要适应症。然而，MASLD 患者最常见的死亡原因仍然是心血管疾病。除了肝脏结果（肝硬化和 HCC）之外，MASLD 还与新发 T2D、慢性肾病、肌肉减少症和肝外癌症的风险增加相关。此外，MASLD 与健康相关的生活质量下降、工作效率下降、疲劳、医疗资源利用率增加以及沉重的经济负担有关。与其他代谢疾病类似，健康饮食和增加体力活动等生活方式干预仍然是治疗这些患者的基石。尽管有许多肥胖和 T2D 药物可用于治疗共病，但 Resmetirom 是美国联邦药物管理局最近批准用于治疗 2-3 期纤维化患者的唯一 MASH 靶向药物。以下综述概述了 MASLD 的流行病学、相关风险因素和结果，并表明如果没有进一步的全球举措，MASLD 可能会继续增加。

As the rates of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) continue to increase globally, so does the prevalence of metabolic dysfunction associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Currently, 38% of all adults and 7-14% of children and adolescents have MASLD. By 2040, the MASLD prevalence rate for adults is projected to increase to over 55%. Although many with MASLD will not develop progressive liver disease, given the vast number of patients with MASLD, it has now become the top indication for liver transplant in the United States for those with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and women. However, the most common cause of mortality among patients with MASLD remains death cardiovascular diseases. In addition to liver outcomes (cirrhosis and HCC), MASLD is associated with increased risk for the developing de-novo T2D, chronic kidney disease, sarcopenia and extrahepatic cancers. Furthermore, MASLD is associated with decreased health related quality of life, decreased work productivity, fatigue and increased healthcare resource utilization and substantial economic burden. Similar to other metabolic disease, lifestyle interventions with heathy diet and increased physical activity remain the cornerstone of managing these patients. Although a number of obesity and T2D drugs are available to treat co-morbid disease, Resmetirom is the only MASH-targeted medication that was recently approved by the Federal Drug Administration for use in the United States for those with stage 2-3 fibrosis. The following review provides an overview of MASLD epidemiology, its related risk factors and outcomes and demonstrates that without further global initiatives, MASLD may continue to increase.