越来越多的证据强调了 RORγt 固有淋巴细胞 (ILC) 在建立抗肿瘤免疫反应和增强肿瘤对免疫治疗的敏感性方面的关键作用。值得注意的是，3 型 ILC (ILC3) 最近被认为是宿主-微生物相互作用中一类重要的抗原呈递细胞 (APC)，塑造了肠粘膜的适应性免疫反应。尽管广泛的小鼠模型在阐明 ILC3 作为 APC 的作用方面取得了重大进展，但在人类结直肠癌 (CRC) 中主要组织相容性复合体 (MHC) 依赖性 ILC-T 细胞串扰的结果仍未得到充分研究。此外，MHCII 的表达仅限于 ILC3 亚群，具有淋巴组织诱导特性，具有组织特异性的命运和功能。肠道微生物群可以决定抗原呈递 ILC3 的可塑性，我们在此总结了我们目前对小鼠和人类 CRC 中这些细胞功能的理解，讨论了微生物群作为其肿瘤抑制活性的关键调节剂的作用。

Growing evidence highlights the pivotal role of RORγt-innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) in the establishment of antitumor immune response and in enhancing tumor sensitivity to immunotherapy. Noteworthy, type 3 ILCs (ILC3s) have been recently acknowledged as an important class of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in the context of host-microorganism interactions shaping the adaptive immune response in the intestinal mucosa. Although a broad range of mouse models has led to significant progress in untangling the role of ILC3s as APCs, the outcome of major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-dependent ILC-T cell crosstalk in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains underexplored in human. Moreover, expression of MHCII is confined to ILC3 subset, endowed with lymphoid tissue-inducing properties, that adopts tissue-specific fates and functions. Intestinal microbiota could dictate the plasticity of antigen-presenting ILC3s and we here summarize our current understanding of the functions of these cells in both mouse and human CRC discussing the role of microbiota as a key modulator of their tumor-suppressive activity.