脊髓损伤 (SCI) 恢复功能的治疗选择有限。脂肪干细胞（ADSC）因其分化为多种细胞类型、促进神经细胞存活和调节炎症的能力而展现出前景。本综述探讨了 ADSC 治疗 SCI 的作用，重点关注其改善功能的潜力、临床前和早期临床试验进展、挑战和未来方向。临床前研究表明，ADSC 移植可有效促进功能恢复、减少空洞形成、增强神经再生和髓磷脂修复。为了提高ADSC疗效，正在探索包括基因改造和与康复相结合等策略。早期临床试验已显示出安全性和可行性，其中一些表明运动和感觉功能得到改善。临床转化仍然面临挑战，包括优化细胞存活和递送、确定剂量、解决肿瘤形成风险以及建立标准化方案。未来的研究应侧重于克服这些挑战，并探索 ADSC 疗法与其他治疗方法（包括康复和药物治疗）相结合的潜力。© 2024 作者。

Spinal cord injury (SCI) has limited treatment options for regaining function. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) show promise owing to their ability to differentiate into multiple cell types, promote nerve cell survival, and modulate inflammation. This review explores ADSC therapy for SCI, focusing on its potential for improving function, preclinical and early clinical trial progress, challenges, and future directions. Preclinical studies have demonstrated ADSC transplantation's effectiveness in promoting functional recovery, reducing cavity formation, and enhancing nerve regrowth and myelin repair. To improve ADSC efficacy, strategies including genetic modification and combination with rehabilitation are being explored. Early clinical trials have shown safety and feasibility, with some suggesting motor and sensory function improvements. Challenges remain for clinical translation, including optimizing cell survival and delivery, determining dosing, addressing tumor formation risks, and establishing standardized protocols. Future research should focus on overcoming these challenges and exploring the potential for combining ADSC therapy with other treatments, including rehabilitation and medication.© 2024 The Author(s).