多发性骨髓瘤 (MM) 是一种以骨髓中浆细胞积聚为特征的血液癌症。尽管治疗取得了进展，但大多数患者的多发性骨髓瘤仍然无法治愈。多发性骨髓瘤相关的免疫失调会促进疾病进展，从而促进了对抗该疾病的免疫疗法的研究。免疫疗法研究的一个领域是设计骨髓瘤疫苗疗法，以逆转肿瘤相关的免疫抑制并引发肿瘤特异性免疫反应，以有效靶向多发性骨髓瘤细胞。本文回顾了多发性骨髓瘤的疫苗免疫治疗，按抗原类型和递送方法对结果进行分类。抗原包括独特型(Id)、肿瘤相关抗原(TAA)、肿瘤特异性抗原(TSA)和全肿瘤裂解物。迄今为止，骨髓瘤疫苗接种的临床疗效有限。然而，进一步的研究对于优化各个方面至关重要，包括抗原和患者选择、疫苗接种时机和测序以及与新兴 MM 治疗的合理组合。版权所有 © 2024 Abdollahi、Norseth 和 Schjesvold。

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological cancer marked by plasma cell accumulation in the bone marrow. Despite treatment advancements, MM remains incurable in most patients. MM-associated immune dysregulation fosters disease progression, prompting research into immunotherapy to combat the disease. An area of immunotherapy investigation is the design of myeloma vaccine therapy to reverse tumor-associated immune suppression and elicit tumor-specific immune responses to effectively target MM cells. This article reviews vaccine immunotherapy for MM, categorizing findings by antigen type and delivery method. Antigens include idiotype (Id), tumor-associated (TAA), tumor-specific (TSA), and whole tumor lysate. Myeloma vaccination has so far shown limited clinical efficacy. However, further studies are essential to optimize various aspects, including antigen and patient selection, vaccine timing and sequencing, and rational combinations with emerging MM treatments.Copyright © 2024 Abdollahi, Norseth and Schjesvold.