间充质干/基质细胞（MSC）具有在体内迁移至肿瘤部位的能力，并通过分泌细胞外囊泡（EV）传递旁分泌信号来调节肿瘤生物学行为。 MSC 衍生的 EV（MSC-EV）与其亲本细胞具有相似的肿瘤趋向性和促肿瘤或抗肿瘤发生作用，并在药物输送方面表现出优异的特性。 MSC-EVs可以将microRNA（miRNA）转移到肿瘤细胞中，从而操纵多个关键的癌症相关通路，并进一步在肿瘤生长、转移、耐药等方面发挥重要作用。此外，肿瘤细胞还可以影响肿瘤微环境（TME）中MSC的行为，通过EV中的miRNA（EV-miRNA）协调这一调节过程。阐明MSC衍生的EV-miRNA调节肿瘤进展的具体机制，以及研究EV-miRNA在TME中的作用，将有助于其在肿瘤药物治疗中的应用。本文主要综述了MSC-EVs中miRNA影响肿瘤进展的多方面作用和机制，以及EV-miRNA在TME中引起MSCs与肿瘤细胞之间的串扰。最终阐明了 MSC-EV 中 miRNA 在肿瘤治疗中的临床应用。版权所有 © 2024 Hu、Zhang、Ma、Li、Yu、Zhang、Lv、Shi 和 He。

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have the capacity to migrate to tumor sites in vivo and transmit paracrine signals by secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs) to regulate tumor biological behaviors. MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) have similar tumor tropism and pro- or anti-tumorigenesis as their parental cells and exhibit superior properties in drug delivery. MSC-EVs can transfer microRNAs (miRNAs) to tumor cells, thereby manipulating multiple key cancer-related pathways, and further playing a vital role in the tumor growth, metastasis, drug resistance and other aspects. In addition, tumor cells can also influence the behaviors of MSCs in the tumor microenvironment (TME), orchestrating this regulatory process via miRNAs in EVs (EV-miRNAs). Clarifying the specific mechanism by which MSC-derived EV-miRNAs regulate tumor progression, as well as investigating the roles of EV-miRNAs in the TME will contribute to their applications in tumor pharmacotherapy. This article mainly reviews the multifaceted roles and mechanism of miRNAs in MSC-EVs affecting tumor progression, the crosstalk between MSCs and tumor cells caused by EV-miRNAs in the TME. Eventually, the clinical applications of miRNAs in MSC-EVs in tumor therapeutics are illustrated.Copyright © 2024 Hu, Zhang, Ma, Li, Yu, Zhang, Lv, Shi and He.