人们对使用后生元作为解决肥胖问题的干预策略非常感兴趣。本研究评估了源自不同酵母菌株（植物乳杆菌 LP1、LP25 和戊糖片球菌 PP18）的后生元在减轻高脂饮食斑马鱼肠道损伤方面的功效。我们筛选了后生元的抗结肠癌细胞作用，并比较了应用于活菌株的各种制备方法，包括不同温度下的热杀灭、pH 值调整和紫外线辐射暴露。 120℃热杀灭被证明是最有效的制备方法。在热灭活的微生物细胞中观察到对健康影响的显着变化，其疏水性和自聚集能力证明了这一点。一项针对斑马鱼的为期五周的高脂肪饮食干预研究表明，补充 108 CFU g-1 K-LP25 的饮食可显着减轻体重增加和体脂，同时减少 FASN、瘦素和 SREBF1 mRNA 表达。然而，添加 107 CFU g-1 K-PP18 的饮食仅降低瘦素和 SREBF1 mRNA 表达。 K-PP18 在减轻肠道屏障损伤、促进结肠 Occludin、ZO-1 和 Claudin-1 水平方面更有效。此外，补充 K-LP25 显着下调促炎细胞因子 TNF-α、IL-6 和 IL-1β，从而减少肠道炎症。补充 K-LP1 和 K-PP18 增加了不动杆菌属的丰度，而 K-LP25 则增加了鲸杆菌属和邻单胞菌属的丰度。总的来说，这些发现表明，灭活菌株对斑马鱼具有针对高脂肪饮食引起的肠道损伤的保护作用，并且在不同物种之间观察到差异。研究酵母衍生的后生元对肠道健康的影响可能为饮食干预治疗肠道相关疾病开辟新途径。

There is significant interest in using postbiotics as an intervention strategy to address obesity. This study assesses the efficacy of postbiotics derived from different sourdough strains (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP1, LP25, and Pediococcus pentosaceus PP18) in mitigating intestinal injury in zebrafish fed on a high-fat diet. We screened postbiotics for their anti-colon cancer cell effects and compared various preparation methods applied to live bacterial strains, including heat-killing at different temperatures, pH adjustments, and ultraviolet radiation exposure. Heat-killing at 120 °C proved to be the most effective preparation method. A marked variation in health effects was observed in the heat-killed microbial cells, as evidenced by their hydrophobicity and self-aggregation ability. A five-week high-fat dietary intervention study in zebrafish demonstrated that diets supplemented with 108 CFU g-1 K-LP25 significantly attenuated weight gain and body fat, along with reductions in FASN, Leptin, and SREBF1 mRNA expression. However, diets supplemented with 107 CFU g-1 K-PP18 only reduced Leptin and SREBF1 mRNA expression. K-PP18 was more effective at mitigating gut barrier damage, promoting colonic Occludin, ZO-1, and Claudin-1 levels. Additionally, K-LP25 supplementation markedly downregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β, reducing intestinal inflammation. Supplementation with K-LP1 and K-PP18 increased the abundance of Acinetobacter spp., whereas K-LP25 increased the abundance of Cetobacterium and Plesiomonas. Collectively, these findings suggest that inactivated strains confer protective effects against high-fat diet-induced intestinal damage in zebrafish, with variation observed across different species. Studying the effects of sourdough-derived postbiotics on gut health may open new avenues for dietary interventions to manage gut-related diseases.