唾液乳杆菌是人类和动物饮食中的益生菌菌株。给断奶仔猪施用益生菌可以通过优化胃肠道细菌组成来改善其生长。为了进一步研究胃肠道和肺部之间的细菌通讯对身体免疫力的影响，我们在低氨气体环境中饲养断奶仔猪。添加唾液乳杆菌以探讨其对肺部免疫的影响及其细菌易位的可能性。将一百六十头断奶仔猪分为四组：添加唾液乳杆菌、添加罗伊氏乳杆菌、对照组和抗生素药物组（金霉素） - 补充。饲养时间为28 d。施用乳酸菌菌株的仔猪的体重优于对照仔猪（P < 0.01）。回肠和肺细胞中免疫因子白细胞介素2（IL-2）、IL-4、干扰素α（IFN-α）和肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）的转录水平显着升高（P < 0.01） ）。分离肺和回肠粘液组织以对细菌组成进行测序，这表明肺在门水平上的丰富度较高，而在回肠中并不显着。回肠和肺部的功能细菌更为丰富。两种组织中乳杆菌属、普雷沃氏菌属、放线杆菌属和普雷沃氏菌科_NK3B31_群的比例均有所增加，而链球菌属、埃希氏菌属和支原体的比例较低。微生物属组成与免疫因子水平之间的相关性表明，乳酸菌的丰度在肺和回肠中发挥着同样的积极作用。支原体在回肠和肺部免疫中发挥负面作用。肺部检测到更多的罗伊氏乳杆菌和厌氧益生菌。唾液乳杆菌和罗伊氏乳杆菌在回肠膜上的定植优化了回肠微生物组成，吸引了其他益生菌转移到肺部，提高了肺部微生物群的丰度，接触低浓度氨后免疫力增强。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由爱思唯尔公司出版。保留所有权利。

Lactobacillus salivarius is a probiotic bacteria strain in human and animal diets. The administration of probiotics to weaned piglets may improve their growth by optimizing the gastrointestinal bacterial composition. To further investigate the effect of bacterial communication between the gastrointestinal tract and lungs on bodily immunity, we reared weaned piglets in a low-ammonia gas environment. L. salivarius was supplemented to explore its effects on pulmonary immunity and its potential for bacterial translocation.One hundred sixty weaned piglets were allocated to four groups: L. salivarius-supplemented, L. reuteri-supplemented, control, and antibiotic drug (aureomycin)-supplemented. The feeding duration was 28 d. The body weights of piglets administered a strain of Lactobacillus were better than those of the control (P < 0.01). The transcription level of immune factors interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, interferon α (IFN-α), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in cells of the ileum and lung was significantly higher (P < 0.01). Lung and ileal mucus tissues were isolated to sequence the bacterial composition, which suggested a higher richness in the lungs at the phylum level, which was not significant in the ileum. Functional bacteria were more abundant in the ileum and lungs. The proportion of the genera of Lactobacillus, Prevotella, Actinobacillus, and Prevotellaceae_ NK3B31_group increased in two tissues, and a lower ratio of Streptococcus, Escherichia-Shigella, and mycoplasma was detected. The correlation between the microbial genus composition and the levels of immune factors suggests that the abundance of Lactobacillus plays the same positive role in the lungs and ileum. Mycoplasmas play a negative role in ileal and pulmonary immunity. More Lactobacillus reuteri and anaerobic probiotic bacteria were detected in the lungs.The colonization of Lactobacillus salivarius and Lactobacillus reuteri in the membrane of the ileum optimized the ileal microbial composition, enrolled other probiotic bacteria translating to the lung, improved the abundance of pulmonary microbiota, and enhanced immunity after exposure to low concentrations of ammonia.Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.