免疫检查点抑制剂开启了肺癌治疗的时代。然而，个体患者之间免疫治疗的疗效存在显着差异。三级淋巴结构（TLS）是病理条件下出现的异位淋巴细胞聚集，是抗肿瘤免疫的主要作用位点。据报道，肿瘤微环境 (TME) 中 TLS 的存在与肺癌患者良好的临床预后和免疫治疗的良好反应有关。深入了解 TLS 及其在 TME 中的动态变化已成为优化肺癌免疫治疗策略的一个有吸引力的焦点。本文对TLS的组成、形成、作用机制、检测方法等进行全面综述，并总结TLS在肺癌免疫治疗中的作用。最后，还讨论了 TLS 的诱导，这可能为肺癌治疗提供更有效的治疗策略。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由 Elsevier España 出版，S.L.U.版权所有。

Immune checkpoint inhibitors have opened an era of lung cancer therapy. However, a notable disparity exists in the efficacy of immunotherapy among individual patients. The tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) is an ectopic lymphocyte aggregation that appears under pathological conditions and is the primary site of action for anti-tumor immunity. It is commonly reported that the presence of TLS within the tumor microenvironment (TME) relates to a favorable clinical prognosis and an excellent response to immunotherapy in lung cancer patients. A thorough understanding of TLS and its dynamic changes in TME has become an attractive focus for optimizing immunotherapy strategies for lung cancer. In this review, we comprehensively generalize the composition, formation, mechanism, detection methods of TLS, and summarize the role of TLS in lung cancer immunotherapy. Finally, induction of TLS is also discussed, which may provide more effective therapeutic strategies for lung cancer therapy.Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.