肿瘤带来巨大的健康风险，治愈率有限且死亡率高；现有的治疗方法在解决独特的肿瘤微环境（缺氧、低 pH 值和高渗透性）方面面临挑战，因此需要开发新的治疗方法。在某些情况下，某些细菌，特别是厌氧菌或孤雌厌氧菌，会在肿瘤环境中积累和增殖。这种现象会激活体内的一系列反应，最终产生抗肿瘤作用。这些细菌可以靶向并定殖肿瘤微环境，促进针对肿瘤细胞的靶向和对抗反应。理解和利用这种相互作用有望实现创新的治疗策略，有可能增强现有的治疗方法，并有助于开发更有效、更有针对性的抗肿瘤方法。本文综述了消化道微生物组的促肿瘤机制和抗肿瘤作用，并描述了肿瘤的细菌治疗策略，包括天然和工程抗肿瘤策略。版权所有 © 2024 Shi、Li 和Zhang。

Tumors present a formidable health risk with limited curability and high mortality; existing treatments face challenges in addressing the unique tumor microenvironment (hypoxia, low pH, and high permeability), necessitating the development of new therapeutic approaches. Under certain circumstances, certain bacteria, especially anaerobes or parthenogenetic anaerobes, accumulate and proliferate in the tumor environment. This phenomenon activates a series of responses in the body that ultimately produce anti-tumor effects. These bacteria can target and colonize the tumor microenvironment, promoting responses aimed at targeting and fighting tumor cells. Understanding and exploiting such interactions holds promise for innovative therapeutic strategies, potentially augmenting existing treatments and contributing to the development of more effective and targeted approaches to fighting tumors. This paper reviews the tumor-promoting mechanisms and anti-tumor effects of the digestive tract microbiome and describes bacterial therapeutic strategies for tumors, including natural and engineered anti-tumor strategies.Copyright © 2024 Shi, Li and Zhang.