作为一种相对较新的工具，人工智能 (AI) 在医学和牙科领域的应用有可能显着改变医疗保健行业。人工智能已经在多个专业的医疗诊断中展现出功效，并成功用于检测乳腺癌、肺癌和皮肤癌。在口腔医学中，人工智能可能以类似的方式应用，用于口腔癌和口腔潜在恶性疾病的检测和诊断。尽管人工智能有望成为一种变革性的诊断辅助工具，但它在医疗保健中的使用却带来了重大的安全性、可靠性和道德问题。关于人工智能系统在医疗保健环境中的安全和道德实施尚未达成正式共识，但文献集中在道德人工智能使用的几个关键原则上，包括透明度、正义和公平、非恶意、责任和隐私。本文对围绕人工智能在医学中使用的关键伦理问题进行了叙述性回顾，并对这些问题进行了反思，提供了来自多个单位的生物伦理学家和口腔医学临床医生的观点。© 2024 作者。约翰·威利出版的《口腔疾病》

As a relatively new tool, the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medicine and dentistry has the potential to significantly transform the healthcare sector. AI has already demonstrated efficacy in medical diagnosis across several specialties, used successfully to detect breast, lung and skin cancer. In Oral Medicine, AI may be applied in a similar fashion, used in the detection and diagnosis of oral cancers and oral potentially malignant diseases. Despite its promise as a transformative diagnostic aid, the use of AI in healthcare presents significant safety, reliability and ethical concerns. There is no formal consensus on the safe and ethical implementation of AI systems in healthcare settings, but the literature converges on several key principles of ethical AI use including transparency, justice and fairness, non-maleficence, responsibility and privacy. This article provides a narrative review of the key ethical issues surrounding AI use in medicine, and reflects on these, providing view-points of a bioethicist and Oral Medicine clinicians from several units.© 2024 The Author(s). Oral Diseases published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.