蜂胶是一种用于癌症治疗的天然产品，由蜜蜂通过不同来源生产。蜂胶的化学成分是根据气候、地理条件以及采收时间和方法来确定的。由于其广泛的治疗能力，包括抗菌、抗真菌、抗炎、抗氧化、抗病毒和抗癌作用，该化合物已成为众多研究的主题。不同癌症的发病率不断上升，需要开发新的预防和治疗策略。化疗、放疗和干细胞疗法已被证明在癌症治疗中有效，无论与这些疗法相关的不良事件如何。蜂胶等天然化合物的临床应用可能有望作为辅助治疗干预，特别是在发生与抗癌疗法相关的不良事件的某些患者亚群中。蜂胶的多种生物活性化合物被认为通过调节关键信号级联而赋予抗癌潜力，例如咖啡酸苯乙酯、高良姜素、Artepillin C、白杨素、槲皮素、咖啡酸、Nymphaeols A和C、Frondoside A、金雀异黄素、对香豆酸和蜂胶蛋白 C。这篇综述文章旨在从机制上解释蜂胶及其成分的抗癌作用。蜂胶可以通过下调涉及 Jun-N 末端激酶、ERK1/2、Akt 和 NF-ƘB 的通路来预防血管生成，同时通过抑制 Wtn2 和 FAK、MAPK 和 PI3K/AKT 信号通路来抵消癌症的转移进展。此外，蜂胶或其主要成分对细胞周期蛋白D、CDK2/4/6及其抑制剂具有调节作用。此外，蜂胶诱导的 p21 和 p27 上调可能导致细胞周期停滞在 G2/M 或 G0/G1。蜂胶广泛的抗细胞凋亡作用是通过上调 TRAIL、Bax、p53 和下调 ERK1/2 信号通路介导的。考虑到越来越多的证据表明蜂胶及其活性成分具有不同的抗癌作用，这种天然化合物可以被认为是一种有效的辅助疗法，旨在减少与化疗和放疗相关的副作用。© 2024。作者，获得 Springer Nature B.V. 的独家许可

Propolis is a natural product used in cancer treatment, which is produced by bees via different sources. The chemical composition of Propolis is determined based on the climatic and geographical conditions, as well as harvesting time and method. This compound has been the subject of numerous investigational endeavors due to its expansive therapeutic capacity which includes antibacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-viral, and anti-cancer effects. The growing incidence rate of different cancers necessitates the need for developing novel preventive and therapeutic strategies. Chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and stem cell therapy have proved effective in cancer treatment, regardless of the adverse events associated with these modalities. Clinical application of natural compounds such as Propolis may confer promise as an adjuvant therapeutic intervention, particularly in certain subpopulations of patients that develop adverse events associated with anticancer regimens. The diverse biologically active compounds of propolis are believed to confer anti-cancer potential by modulation of critical signaling cascades such as caffeic acid phenethyl ester, Galangin, Artepillin C, Chrysin, Quercetin, Caffeic acid, Nymphaeols A and C, Frondoside A, Genistein, p-coumaric acid, and Propolin C. This review article aims to deliver a mechanistic account of anti-cancer effects of propolis and its components. Propolis can prevent angiogenesis by downregulating pathways involving Jun-N terminal kinase, ERK1/2, Akt and NF-ƘB, while counteracting metastatic progression of cancer by inhibiting Wtn2 and FAK, and MAPK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathways. Moreover, propolis or its main components show regulatory effects on cyclin D, CDK2/4/6, and their inhibitors. Additionally, propolis-induced up-regulation of p21 and p27 may result in cell cycle arrest at G2/M or G0/G1. The broad anti-apoptotic effects of propolis are mediated through upregulation of TRAIL, Bax, p53, and downregulation of the ERK1/2 signaling pathway. Considering the growing body of evidence regarding different anti-cancers effects of propolis and its active components, this natural compound could be considered an effective adjuvant therapy aimed at reducing related side effects associated with chemotherapy and radiotherapy.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.