我们进行了一项多机构观察性研究，以调查低级别晚期卵巢癌 (LGSOC) 初次治疗后的维持激素治疗是否与总体生存优势相关。我们纳入了经组织学确诊为 III 期或 IV 期 LGSOC 的患者2004年1月1日和2019年12月31日，在美国癌症委员会认可的癌症项目中接受治疗。通过风险设定倾向评分匹配，将诊断后六个月内接受激素治疗的患者与在此时间范围内未开始激素治疗的对照进行匹配。主要结局是开始 HT 或观察后五年内因任何原因死亡的风险。有 296 名患者在诊断后六个月内开始维持激素治疗，还有 2805 名潜在对照患者。接受激素治疗的患者更常在学术医疗中心接受治疗（55% vs. 44%），在研究期间较晚诊断（62% vs. 23% 在 2018-2019 年诊断），并且在初始治疗期间经常不接受化疗（45% 与 17%）。经过风险集倾向评分匹配后，我们确定了 225 名接受 HT 治疗的患者和 225 名未经治疗的对照组，他们在测量的协变量方面其他方面相似。在匹配队列中，激素治疗与死亡风险降低相关（风险比 0.60；95% CI 0.38-0.94），相当于 60 个月生存率为 75% 与 65% 相比。 LGSOC 初级管理后，与观察相比，维持激素治疗与总体生存率改善相关。版权所有 © 2024 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。

We conducted a multi-institutional observational study to investigate whether maintenance hormone therapy following primary treatment of low-grade advanced-stage ovarian cancer (LGSOC) is associated with an overall survival advantage.We included patients with histologically confirmed stage III or IV LGSOC diagnosed between Jan 1, 2004, and Dec 31, 2019, treated in Commission on Cancer-accredited cancer programs in the US. Patients who received hormone therapy within six months of diagnosis were matched to controls who did not initiate hormone therapy during this timeframe by risk-set propensity score matching. The primary outcome was the risk of death from any cause within five years of initiation of HT or observation.There were 296 patients who initiated maintenance hormone therapy within six months of diagnosis and 2805 potential controls. Patients who received hormone therapy were more often treated in academic medical centers (55% vs. 44%), diagnosed later in the study period (62% vs. 23% diagnosed in 2018-2019), and frequently received no chemotherapy during initial treatment (45% vs. 17%). After risk set propensity score matching, we identified 225 patients treated with HT and 225 untreated controls who were otherwise similar with respect to measured covariates. In the matched cohort, hormone therapy was associated with a reduction in the risk of death (hazard ratio 0.60; 95% CI 0.38-0.94), corresponding to a 60-month survival of 75% compared with 65%.Following primary management of LGSOC, maintenance hormone therapy was associated with improved overall survival compared with observation.Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.