信使 RNA (mRNA) 疫苗在大流行期间为公共卫生做出了显着的贡献，并开创了基于核酸的治疗的新时代。凭借核酸（不仅包括mRNA，还包括DNA、microRNA、小干扰RNA（siRNA）和其他核酸）的独特优势，无论是在关闭基因还是引入功能方面，核酸疗法已被视为潜在的候选者。治疗许多不同的疾病，特别是癌症的免疫调节。然而，由于核酸的固有特性（包括低稳定性、免疫原性和毒性），其应用范围受到递送挑战的限制。在过去的几十年里，有效和靶向递送治疗性核酸的生物工程方法在临床应用中获得了动力。用于传递 mRNA、siRNA 和用于免疫调节的成簇规则间隔短回文重复序列 (CRISPR)/Cas 的生物技术方法的最新进展是设计未来癌症免疫疗法的有希望的替代方案。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines have made remarkable public health contributions during the pandemic and initiated a new era for nucleic acid-based therapeutics. With the unique strength of nucleic acids, including not only mRNA but also DNA, microRNA, small interfering RNA (siRNA), and other nucleic acids, either in tuning off genes or introducing function, nucleic acid therapeutics have been regarded as potential candidates for the treatment of many different diseases, especially for the immunomodulation in cancer. However, the scope of the applications was limited by the challenges in delivery due to intrinsic properties of nucleic acids including low stability, immunogenicity, and toxicity. Bioengineering approaches toward efficient and targeted delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids have gained momentum in clinical applications in the past few decades. Recent advances in the biotechnological approaches for the delivery of mRNA, siRNA, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas for immunomodulatory are promising alternatives in designing future cancer immunotherapy.Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.