越来越多的证据表明，免疫治疗受到不利的肿瘤微环境（TME）的阻碍，其特点是关键营养物质的缺乏和免疫抑制代谢物的汇集。肿瘤细胞和免疫抑制细胞在争夺必需营养方面胜过免疫效应细胞。同时，多种肿瘤细胞衍生的有毒代谢物对抗肿瘤免疫反应产生负面影响，降低了免疫治疗的疗效。具有出色靶向性的纳米医学提供了一种通过代谢重编程免疫抑制 TME 来改善癌症免疫治疗的新方法。在此，我们回顾了通过纳米医学重新连接肿瘤代谢来增强免疫治疗效果的最新策略。通过纳米医学对 TME 中的免疫细胞和基质细胞进行免疫代谢策略引起了人们的关注。此外，我们还讨论了开发代谢调节纳米药物以实现精确有效的癌症免疫治疗的未来方向。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。保留所有权利。

Increasing evidence indicates that immunotherapy is hindered by a hostile tumor microenvironment (TME) featured with deprivation of critical nutrients and pooling of immunosuppressive metabolites. Tumor cells and immunosuppressive cells outcompete immune effector cells for essential nutrients. Meanwhile, a wide range of tumor cell-derived toxic metabolites exerts negative impacts on anti-tumor immune response, diminishing the efficacy of immunotherapy. Nanomedicine with excellent targetability offers a novel approach to improving cancer immunotherapy via metabolically reprogramming the immunosuppressive TME. Herein, we review recent strategies of enhancing immunotherapeutic effects through rewiring tumor metabolism via nanomedicine. Attention is drawn on immunometabolic tactics for immune cells and stromal cells in the TME via nanomedicine. Additionally, we discuss future directions of developing metabolism-regulating nanomedicine for precise and efficacious cancer immunotherapy.Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.