癌症治疗中的RNA生物标志物：个性化肿瘤学的前景
RNA biomarkers in cancer therapeutics: The promise of personalized oncology
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影响因子:6.303
发表日期:2024
作者:
Hector Katifelis, Maria Gazouli
DOI:
10.1016/bs.acc.2024.06.003
摘要
癌症治疗是一个快速发展且不断扩展的领域。当前的方法包括手术、传统化疗以及免疫治疗等新型生物制剂，共同构成了丰富的治疗手段。然而，众多选择在临床上可能带来挑战，难以为具体患者制定最合适的治疗方案。幸运的是，生物标志物能极大地辅助临床决策。近年来，基于RNA的生物标志物显示出最大潜力。这些分子范围涵盖从小非编码RNA到蛋白编码基因转录本，在癌症管理，尤其是癌症治疗中具有重要价值。与在治疗过程中相对稳定的DNA生物标志物不同，RNA生物标志物具有动态变化的特性。这不仅可以在治疗开始前预测成功率，还能反映表达变化，提示治疗反应。此外，先进的核酸技术使得RNA可以从几乎所有生物液体或基质中提取，并以极高的分析敏感性进行检测。此外，样本主要通过微创程序获得，可连续采集，用于实时评估治疗反应。本文将介绍当前已知的RNA生物标志物、利用人工智能在识别这些分子中的最新研究，以及在临床决策中推动个性化肿瘤学新时代的应用前景。
Abstract
Cancer therapy is a rapidly evolving and constantly expanding field. Current approaches include surgery, conventional chemotherapy and novel biologic agents as in immunotherapy, that together compose a wide armamentarium. The plethora of choices can, however, be clinically challenging in prescribing the most suitable treatment for any given patient. Fortunately, biomarkers can greatly facilitate the most appropriate selection. In recent years, RNA-based biomarkers have proven most promising. These molecules that range from small noncoding RNAs to protein coding gene transcripts can be valuable in cancer management and especially in cancer therapeutics. Compared to their DNA counterparts which are stable throughout treatment, RNA-biomarkers are dynamic. This allows prediction of success prior to treatment start and can identify alterations in expression that could reflect response. Moreover, improved nucleic acid technology allows RNA to be extracted from practically every biofluid/matrix and evaluated with exceedingly high analytic sensitivity. In addition, samples are largely obtained by minimally invasive procedures and as such can be used serially to assess treatment response real-time. This chapter provides the reader insight on currently known RNA biomarkers, the latest research employing Artificial Intelligence in the identification of such molecules and in clinical decisions driving forward the era of personalized oncology.