癌症治疗学中的RNA生物标志物：个性化肿瘤学的承诺
RNA biomarkers in cancer therapeutics: The promise of personalized oncology
影响因子:6.30300
发表日期:2024
作者:
Hector Katifelis, Maria Gazouli
摘要
癌症治疗是一个迅速发展的，并且不断扩大领域。当前的方法包括手术，常规化学疗法和新型生物学剂，如免疫疗法中，它们共同组成了广泛的Armamentarium。但是，在为任何给定患者开出最合适的治疗方法时，大量选择在临床上可能具有挑战性。幸运的是，生物标志物可以极大地促进最合适的选择。近年来，基于RNA的生物标志物已被证明是最有前途的。这些分子从小型非编码RNA到蛋白质编码基因转录本在癌症管理中，尤其是在癌症治疗中很有价值。与在整个处理过程中稳定的DNA对应物相比，RNA生物标志物是动态的。这允许在治疗开始之前预测成功，并可以识别表达的变化，以反映反应。此外，改进的核酸技术可以从几乎每个生物流体/基质中提取RNA，并以极高的分析敏感性进行评估。此外，样品在很大程度上是通过微创程序获得的，因此可以串行用于评估治疗反应实时。本章为读者提供了有关当前已知的RNA生物标志物的见解，这是采用人工智能的最新研究，用于识别此类分子以及推动个性化肿瘤学时代的临床决策。
Abstract
Cancer therapy is a rapidly evolving and constantly expanding field. Current approaches include surgery, conventional chemotherapy and novel biologic agents as in immunotherapy, that together compose a wide armamentarium. The plethora of choices can, however, be clinically challenging in prescribing the most suitable treatment for any given patient. Fortunately, biomarkers can greatly facilitate the most appropriate selection. In recent years, RNA-based biomarkers have proven most promising. These molecules that range from small noncoding RNAs to protein coding gene transcripts can be valuable in cancer management and especially in cancer therapeutics. Compared to their DNA counterparts which are stable throughout treatment, RNA-biomarkers are dynamic. This allows prediction of success prior to treatment start and can identify alterations in expression that could reflect response. Moreover, improved nucleic acid technology allows RNA to be extracted from practically every biofluid/matrix and evaluated with exceedingly high analytic sensitivity. In addition, samples are largely obtained by minimally invasive procedures and as such can be used serially to assess treatment response real-time. This chapter provides the reader insight on currently known RNA biomarkers, the latest research employing Artificial Intelligence in the identification of such molecules and in clinical decisions driving forward the era of personalized oncology.