自身抗体结合在自身免疫性疾病中发挥着核心作用，并且还与癌症、感染和行为障碍有关。由于对潜在的疾病特异性表位的不完全了解，自身免疫性神经系统疾病仍然被错误分类。这些表位对于病理学和诊断都至关重要，但历史上一直被忽视。最近的技术进步使得对这些表位的探索成为可能，有可能开辟新的临床途径。新型 B 和 T 细胞表位及其自身反应性的精确鉴定已导致针对自身免疫性神经疾病高风险患者发现自身抗原特异性生物标志物。在这篇综述中，我们建议利用新的合成和细胞表面显示技术，并指导以表位为重点的研究，以释放疾病特异性表位改善诊断和治疗的潜力。此外，我们还提供建议来指导新兴的以表位为重点的研究，以拓宽当前的视野。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。

Autoantibody binding has a central role in autoimmune diseases and has also been linked to cancer, infections, and behavioral disorders. Autoimmune neurological diseases remain misclassified also due to an incomplete understanding of the underlying disease-specific epitopes. Such epitopes are crucial for both pathology and diagnosis, but have historically been overlooked. Recent technological advancements have enabled the exploration of these epitopes, potentially opening novel clinical avenues. The precise identification of novel B and T cell epitopes and their autoreactivity has led to the discovery of autoantigen-specific biomarkers for patients at high risk of autoimmune neurological diseases. In this review, we propose utilizing newly available synthetic and cellular-surface display technologies and guide epitope-focused studies to unlock the potential of disease-specific epitopes for improving diagnosis and treatments. Additionally, we offer recommendations to guide emerging epitope-focused studies to broaden the current landscape.Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.