癌症干细胞标记：化学抗性和免疫逃避的交响乐大师
Cancer Stem Cell markers: Symphonic masters of chemoresistance and immune evasion
影响因子:5.10000
分区:医学3区 / 药学2区 医学：研究与实验3区
发表日期:2024 Oct 15
作者:
Miguel Angel Sarabia-Sánchez, José Manuel Tinajero-Rodríguez, Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez, Eduardo Alvarado-Ortiz
摘要
癌症干细胞（CSC）是高度致瘤，化学抗性和免疫反射性的。它们成为核心驱动因素，引起大部分肿瘤肿块，修饰肿瘤微环境（TME）并进行利用，从而导致癌症患者的临床结果差。因此，CSC的存在解释了常规疗法和免疫监测的失败。在现代肿瘤学中识别CSC仍然是一个重大挑战，使用细胞表面标记是研究，隔离和富集这些细胞的主要策略。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了CSC标记，重点是驱动CSC自我更新的基本信号通路，这同时使它们本质上是化学耐药和免疫系统逃避者。我们全面地讨论了CSC的自主和非自主功能，特别是它们与肿瘤微环境（尤其是免疫细胞）的相互作用。这个相互的网络可以增强CSC恶性肿瘤，同时损害周围的利基市场，最终定义与每个CSC标记相关的治疗脆弱性。在本综述CD44，CD133，ICAM1/CD54和LGR5-促进的见解中，最常见的CSC表面标记对化学抗性和免疫逃避之间的相互作用，这是消除疾病中的两种至关重要的现象。关于CSC的最先进的新观点无疑将开辟新的治疗途径。
Abstract
Cancer Stem Cells (CSCs) are highly tumorigenic, chemoresistant, and immune evasive. They emerge as a central driver that gives rise to the bulk of tumoral mass, modifies the tumor microenvironment (TME), and exploits it, leading to poor clinical outcomes for patients with cancer. The existence of CSCs thus accounts for the failure of conventional therapies and immune surveillance. Identifying CSCs in solid tumors remains a significant challenge in modern oncology, with the use of cell surface markers being the primary strategy for studying, isolating, and enriching these cells. In this review, we explore CSC markers, focusing on the underlying signaling pathways that drive CSC self-renewal, which simultaneously makes them intrinsically chemoresistant and immune system evaders. We comprehensively discuss the autonomous and non-autonomous functions of CSCs, with particular emphasis on their interactions with the tumor microenvironment, especially immune cells. This reciprocal network enhances CSCs malignancy while compromising the surrounding niche, ultimately defining therapeutic vulnerabilities associated with each CSC marker. The most common CSCs surface markers addressed in this review-CD44, CD133, ICAM1/CD54, and LGR5-provide insights into the interplay between chemoresistance and immune evasion, two critically important phenomena in disease eradication. This new perspective on the state-of-the-art of CSCs will undoubtedly open new avenues for therapy.