碳点（CD）是一种具有优异光学性能、良好生物相容性和小尺寸的纳米颗粒，在生物学和生物医学领域得到越来越多的应用。近年来，源自草药（HMs）、HMs提取物和其他具有药理活性的天然产物的具有药理活性的生物质衍生CD（BP-CD）引起了特别关注。在此，我们回顾了 BP-CD 开发的最新进展，包括生物质前体的选择、从天然来源合成 BP-CD 的不同方法以及 BP-CD 的纯化。此外，我们总结了 BP-CD 的许多显着特性，包括光学特性、生物相容性和药效。此外，还对BP-CD的抗菌、抗病毒、抗癌、生物传感、生物成像等应用进行了综述。此后，我们讨论了BP-CD和西药衍生CD的优缺点，强调了BP-CD的优异性能。最后，根据BP-CD的研究现状，我们提出了BP-CD迫切需要解决的几个方面，并确定了未来应该追求的方向。此次对BP-CDs的全面综述有望指导BP-CDs的精准设计、制备和未来发展，从而推进BP-CDs在生物医学中的应用。版权所有©2024中国科学出版社。由 Elsevier B.V. 出版。保留所有权利。

Carbon dots (CDs), a type of nanoparticle with excellent optical properties, good biocompatibility, and small size, are finding increasing application across the fields of biology and biomedicine. In recent years, biomass-derived CDs with pharmacological activity (BP-CDs) derived from herbal medicines (HMs), HMs extracts and other natural products with demonstrated pharmaceutical activity have attracted particular attention. Herein, we review recent advances in the development of BP-CDs, covering the selection of biomass precursors, different methods used for the synthesis of BP-CDs from natural sources, and the purification of BP-CDs. Additionally, we summarize the many remarkable properties of BP-CDs including optical properties, biocompatibility and pharmaceutical efficacy. Moreover, the antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, biosensing, bioimaging, and other applications of BP-CDs are reviewed. Thereafter, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of BP-CDs and Western drug-derived CDs, highlighting the excellent performance of BP-CDs. Finally, based on the current state of research on BP-CDs, we suggest several aspects of BP-CDs that urgently need to be addressed and identify directions that should be pursued in the future. This comprehensive review on BP-CDs is expected to guide the precise design, preparation, and future development of BP-CDs, thereby advancing the application of BP-CDs in biomedicine.Copyright © 2024 Science China Press. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.