血小板是肿瘤微环境（TME）中细胞群的重要组成部分。血小板影响其他免疫细胞并与肿瘤细胞进行串扰，在肿瘤发展中发挥重要作用。细胞外囊泡 (EV) 是从细胞释放到 TME 中的小膜囊泡。它们可以将生物信息（包括蛋白质、核酸和代谢物）从分泌细胞转移到目标受体细胞。这个过程影响各种人类疾病的进展，特别是癌症。近年来，多项研究表明，血小板源性细胞外囊泡（PEV）可以帮助调节肿瘤的恶性生物学行为，包括恶性增殖、抵抗细胞死亡、侵袭和转移、代谢重编程、免疫和血管生成等。因此，PEV 已被确定为肿瘤进展的关键调节因子。因此，靶向PEVs是肿瘤治疗的潜在策略。此外，纳米材料在医学研究中的广泛使用表明，工程化 PEV 是治疗药物的理想输送系统。最近的研究表明，PEV工程技术结合光热疗法、免疫疗法和化疗在肿瘤治疗中发挥着关键作用。此外，PEVs的异常变化与肿瘤患者的临床病理特征密切相关，可作为肿瘤患者早期诊断、监测疾病进展和预后评估的液体活检标志物。对 PEV 在肿瘤发生中的作用和潜在机制的全面研究可能会为治疗人类肿瘤提供新的诊断生物标志物和潜在的治疗策略。© 2024。作者。

Platelets are a significant component of the cell population in the tumour microenvironment (TME). Platelets influence other immune cells and perform cross-talk with tumour cells, playing an important role in tumour development. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are small membrane vesicles released from the cells into the TME. They can transfer biological information, including proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, from secretory cells to target receptor cells. This process affects the progression of various human diseases, particularly cancer. In recent years, several studies have demonstrated that platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) can help regulate the malignant biological behaviours of tumours, including malignant proliferation, resistance to cell death, invasion and metastasis, metabolic reprogramming, immunity, and angiogenesis. Consequently, PEVs have been identified as key regulators of tumour progression. Therefore, targeting PEVs is a potential strategy for tumour treatment. Furthermore, the extensive use of nanomaterials in medical research has indicated that engineered PEVs are ideal delivery systems for therapeutic drugs. Recent studies have demonstrated that PEV engineering technologies play a pivotal role in the treatment of tumours by combining photothermal therapy, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. In addition, aberrant changes in PEVs are closely associated with the clinicopathological features of patients with tumours, which may serve as liquid biopsy markers for early diagnosis, monitoring disease progression, and the prognostic assessment of patients with tumours. A comprehensive investigation into the role and potential mechanisms of PEVs in tumourigenesis may provide novel diagnostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic strategies for treating human tumours.© 2024. The Author(s).