活体皮肤等同物（LSE）的生成和移植技术的开发是转化医学的一个重要领域。这种功能等效物可用于建模和研究皮肤及其衍生物的形态发生、测试药物以及改善慢性伤口、烧伤和其他皮肤损伤的愈合。 LSE在过去50年的发展展示了技术和质量的飞跃，以及从经典全层LSE到原则性新模型的转变，包括对经典模型的修改和使用源自人类诱导多能干细胞的皮肤的皮肤类器官。 iPSC）（hiPSC）。现代方法和途径使得创建成功模仿天然皮肤的 LSE 成为可能，包括毛囊 (HF)、皮脂腺和汗腺、血管、黑素细胞和神经细胞等衍生物。 3D 和 4D 生物打印、微流体系统和基因改造等新技术能够实现新目标、降低成本并扩大 LSE 的生产。版权所有 © 2024 Andrei Riabinin 等人。

The development of technologies for the generation and transplantation of living skin equivalents (LSEs) is a significant area of translational medicine. Such functional equivalents can be used to model and study the morphogenesis of the skin and its derivatives, to test drugs, and to improve the healing of chronic wounds, burns, and other skin injuries. The evolution of LSEs over the past 50 years has demonstrated the leap in technology and quality and the shift from classical full-thickness LSEs to principled new models, including modification of classical models and skin organoids with skin derived from human-induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) (hiPSCs). Modern methods and approaches make it possible to create LSEs that successfully mimic native skin, including derivatives such as hair follicles (HFs), sebaceous and sweat glands, blood vessels, melanocytes, and nerve cells. New technologies such as 3D and 4D bioprinting, microfluidic systems, and genetic modification enable achievement of new goals, cost reductions, and the scaled-up production of LSEs.Copyright © 2024 Andrei Riabinin et al.