在原发性肝癌中，肝细胞癌是最常见的病理类型。其起病隐袭，多数患者早期无明显不适，故发现较晚，失去了手术根治的机会，导致预后不良。随着以索拉非尼为代表的分子靶向药物的推出，中晚期肝癌患者重见天日。但由于药物作用靶点有限、毒副作用等原因，其治疗效果较低。此时，以免疫检查点抑制剂（ICIs）为代表的免疫疗法的出现很好地打破了这一尴尬局面，其主要通过改善肿瘤免疫微环境来达到抗肿瘤的目的。目前，ICI单药治疗以及联合治疗已广泛应用于临床，进一步延长了晚期肝细胞癌患者的生存期。本文综述了晚期肝细胞癌ICIs单药治疗和联合治疗的发展及最新研究进展。版权所有©2024刘孟马游游余何何赵崔。

Among primary liver cancers, hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common pathological type. Its onset is insidious, and most patients have no obvious discomfort in the early stage, so it is found late, and the opportunity for surgical radical treatment is lost, resulting in a poor prognosis. With the introduction of molecular-targeted drugs represented by sorafenib, patients with middle- and late-stage liver cancer have regained the light of day. However, their therapeutic efficacy is relatively low due to the limited target of drug action, toxic side effects, and other reasons. At this time, the emergence of immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) well breaks this embarrassing situation, which mainly achieves the anti-tumor purpose by improving the tumor immune microenvironment. Currently, ICI monotherapy, as well as combination therapy, has been widely used in the clinic, further prolonging the survival of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma. This article reviews the development of monotherapy and combination therapy for ICIs in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and the latest research progress.Copyright © 2024 Liu, Meng, Ma, You, Yu, He, Zhao and Cui.