在许多低收入和中等收入国家，结直肠癌的发病率和死亡率仍在快速上升，这与当前的社会和经济状况有关。结直肠癌是埃塞俄比亚的主要癌症，其生存率相对较低。然而，埃塞俄比亚南部结直肠癌患者的生存时间和预测因素尚未得到充分研究。本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚哈瓦萨综合专科医院结直肠癌患者的五年生存率和死亡率预测因素。基于设施的回顾性队列研究对2017年5月1日至2022年4月30日访问哈瓦萨综合专科医院的323名患者进行了研究。采用Log-rank检验的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线来估计生存时间。采用双变量和多变量 Cox 比例风险回归模型来确定每个自变量对诊断后死亡时间的净效应。在 5 年观察期内，总体死亡率为 38.5%，发病密度为每年 31 人死亡。 100人年观察。 1年、2年、3年、4年和5年的生存率分别为78%、53、32.4%、23.3%和18.7%。多变量分析显示，转移性疾病（AHR=4.2，CI：1.5-11.5），基线癌胚抗原水平≥5ng/ml（AHR：2.4，CI：1.2-5.8），居住在农村地区（AHR=2.2，CI： 1.03-4.8）和粘液癌（AHR = 0.33，CI：0.13-0.87）是结直肠癌死亡率的独立预测因子。与发展中国家和发达国家的类似研究相比，该研究中结直肠癌患者的总生存率较低。晚期、癌胚抗原水平升高和农村居民的生存率明显较低，这表明早期发现和及时开始治疗对于提高结直肠癌患者的生存和生活质量至关重要。版权所有：这是开放获取文章，不受任何版权限制，任何人都可以出于任何合法目的自由复制、分发、传播、修改、构建或以​​其他方式使用。该作品在知识共享 CC0 公共领域奉献下提供。

The incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer were still rising rapidly in many low-income and middle-income countries, which was linked to ongoing societal and economic status. Colorectal cancer is the leading cancer in Ethiopia with relatively lower survival. However, colorectal cancer patients' survival time and predictors have not been well studied in Southern Ethiopia.This study aimed to assess five-year survival and predictors of mortality among colorectal cancer patients at Hawassa Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia.Facility-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 323 patients who visited Hawassa Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from May 1st, 2017 to April 30th, 2022. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve with the Log-rank test was used to estimate the survival time. Bivariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine the net effect of each independent variable on time to death after diagnosis.Over the 5-year observation period, the overall mortality rate was 38.5%, with an incidence density of 31 fatalities per 100 person-years observation. Survival at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years was 78%, 53, 32.4%, 23.3%, and 18.7% respectively. The multivariable analysis showed that metastatic disease (AHR = 4.2, CI: 1.5-11.5), baseline carcinoembryonic antigen level ≥5ng/ml (AHR: 2.4, CI: 1.2-5.8), living in rural areas (AHR = 2.2, CI:1.03-4.8) and mucinous carcinoma (AHR = 0.33, CI: 0.13-0.87) were independent predictors of colorectal cancer mortality.Overall survival of colorectal cancer patients in the study was low compared to similar studies in developing and developed worlds. A significantly low survival rate was observed for patients with advanced stage, elevated carcinoembryonic antigen levels, and rural residents indicating the key role of early detection and timely initiation of treatment to improve survival and quality of life of patients with colorectal cancer.Copyright: This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 public domain dedication.