探索生酮饮食在减少神经炎症和调节免疫反应方面的潜力
Exploring the ketogenic diet's potential in reducing neuroinflammation and modulating immune responses
影响因子:5.90000
分区:医学2区 / 免疫学2区
发表日期:2024
作者:
Antonietta Monda, Maria Ester La Torre, Antonietta Messina, Girolamo Di Maio, Vincenzo Monda, Fiorenzo Moscatelli, Marida De Stefano, Marco La Marra, Marilena Di Padova, Anna Dipace, Pierpaolo Limone, Maria Casillo, Marcellino Monda, Giovanni Messina, Rita Polito
摘要
生酮饮食（KD）的特征是碳水化合物的摄入量大幅降低和脂肪和蛋白质的消耗率升高，导致代谢状态称为“酮症”，其中脂肪成为能量的主要来源。最近的研究强调了KD在减轻各种疾病的风险方面的潜在优势，包括2型糖尿病，高脂血症，心脏病和癌症。 KD中的大量营养素分布通常需要高脂质摄入量，中等蛋白质消耗和低碳水化合物摄入量。将碳水化合物限制在50 g/天以下会诱导分解代谢状态，从而促使代谢改变，例如糖生成和生酮发生。酮的发生会减少脂肪和葡萄糖积聚，作为能量储量，刺激脂肪酸的产生。神经退行性疾病，涵盖阿尔茨海默氏病，帕金森氏病以持续的神经炎症为标志。不断发展的证据表明，免疫激活和神经炎症在这些疾病的发病机理中起重要作用。 KD的保护作用与酮体（KB）的产生有关，酮体（KB）在该饮食方案中起着关键作用。考虑到这些发现，这项叙述性综述试图通过调节免疫反应来深入研究KD在神经炎症中的潜在影响。掌握KD对中枢神经系统的免疫调节作用，可以为这些无行为能力的疾病提供有价值的见解。
Abstract
The ketogenic diet (KD) is marked by a substantial decrease in carbohydrate intake and an elevated consumption of fats and proteins, leading to a metabolic state referred to as "ketosis," where fats become the primary source of energy. Recent research has underscored the potential advantages of the KD in mitigating the risk of various illnesses, including type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, and cancer. The macronutrient distribution in the KD typically entails high lipid intake, moderate protein consumption, and low carbohydrate intake. Restricting carbohydrates to below 50 g/day induces a catabolic state, prompting metabolic alterations such as gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis. Ketogenesis diminishes fat and glucose accumulation as energy reserves, stimulating the production of fatty acids. Neurodegenerative diseases, encompassing Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease are hallmarked by persistent neuroinflammation. Evolving evidence indicates that immune activation and neuroinflammation play a significant role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. The protective effects of the KD are linked to the generation of ketone bodies (KB), which play a pivotal role in this dietary protocol. Considering these findings, this narrative review seeks to delve into the potential effects of the KD in neuroinflammation by modulating the immune response. Grasping the immunomodulatory effects of the KD on the central nervous system could offer valuable insights into innovative therapeutic approaches for these incapacitating conditions.