生酮饮食（KD）的特点是碳水化合物摄入量大幅减少，脂肪和蛋白质消耗增加，导致一种称为“酮症”的代谢状态，其中脂肪成为主要能量来源。最近的研究强调了生酮饮食在降低各种疾病风险方面的潜在优势，包括 2 型糖尿病、高脂血症、心脏病和癌症。生酮饮食中的常量营养素分布通常需要高脂质摄入、适度蛋白质摄入和低碳水化合物摄入。将碳水化合物限制在 50 克/天以下会诱导分解代谢状态，促进糖异生和生酮等代谢改变。生酮会减少脂肪和葡萄糖作为能量储备的积累，刺激脂肪酸的产生。神经退行性疾病，包括阿尔茨海默病、帕金森病，其特点是持续的神经炎症。不断变化的证据表明，免疫激活和神经炎症在这些疾病的发病机制中发挥着重要作用。 KD 的保护作用与酮体 (KB) 的生成有关，酮体在该饮食方案中发挥着关键作用。考虑到这些发现，这篇叙述性综述旨在通过调节免疫反应来深入探讨生酮饮食对神经炎症的潜在影响。掌握生酮饮食对中枢神经系统的免疫调节作用可以为这些失能疾病的创新治疗方法提供有价值的见解。版权所有 © 2024 Monda, La Torre, Messina, Di Maio, Monda, Moscatelli, De Stefano, La Marra, Padova,迪佩斯、利莫内、卡西略、蒙达、墨西拿和波利托。

The ketogenic diet (KD) is marked by a substantial decrease in carbohydrate intake and an elevated consumption of fats and proteins, leading to a metabolic state referred to as "ketosis," where fats become the primary source of energy. Recent research has underscored the potential advantages of the KD in mitigating the risk of various illnesses, including type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, heart disease, and cancer. The macronutrient distribution in the KD typically entails high lipid intake, moderate protein consumption, and low carbohydrate intake. Restricting carbohydrates to below 50 g/day induces a catabolic state, prompting metabolic alterations such as gluconeogenesis and ketogenesis. Ketogenesis diminishes fat and glucose accumulation as energy reserves, stimulating the production of fatty acids. Neurodegenerative diseases, encompassing Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease are hallmarked by persistent neuroinflammation. Evolving evidence indicates that immune activation and neuroinflammation play a significant role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. The protective effects of the KD are linked to the generation of ketone bodies (KB), which play a pivotal role in this dietary protocol. Considering these findings, this narrative review seeks to delve into the potential effects of the KD in neuroinflammation by modulating the immune response. Grasping the immunomodulatory effects of the KD on the central nervous system could offer valuable insights into innovative therapeutic approaches for these incapacitating conditions.Copyright © 2024 Monda, La Torre, Messina, Di Maio, Monda, Moscatelli, De Stefano, La Marra, Padova, Dipace, Limone, Casillo, Monda, Messina and Polito.