文献中很少描述牛的脾破裂。这项工作的目的是报告巴西南部牛脾破裂的发生情况并描述该病的原因。 2013年至2022年间，巴西南部进行的1769头牛尸检中，有24头是由于脾破裂引起的，占诊断的1.36%。动物因脾被膜破裂引起的腹腔积血而死亡，通常与明显的脾肿大以及脾被膜和实质之间的大血肿有关。部分病例（24 例中的 11 例，46%）描述了临床症状，包括冷漠、腹痛、粘膜苍白、心动过速和呼吸窘迫。然而，大多数（24 例中的 13 例，54%）表现为猝死。脾破裂的根本原因如下：继发巴贝虫病 16 例（67%），淋巴瘤 4 例（17%），血栓 1 例（4%），血栓 1 例（4%）。外伤所致，1例因结节性淋巴增生破裂所致（4%），1例原因不明（4%）。脾破裂引起的低血容量性休克是奶牛死亡的重要原因，巴贝斯虫病和牛白血病病毒相关淋巴瘤是最常见的病因诊断（占病例的84%）。描述这种情况的原因对于阐明奶牛脾破裂的发病机制和发生具有重要意义。

Splenic rupture in cattle is scarcely described in the literature. The aim of this work was to report the occurrence of splenic rupture in cattle in southern Brazil as well as to describe the causes of the condition. Between 2013 and 2022, 24 of the 1769 bovine necropsies performed in southern Brazil were due to splenic rupture, accounting for 1.36% of the diagnoses. Animals died due to hemoperitoneum caused by a rupture in the splenic capsule, typically associated with marked splenomegaly and a large hematoma between the capsule and the parenchyma. Clinical signs were described in a subset of cases (11 of 24 cases, 46%) and included apathy, abdominal pain, mucosal pallor, tachycardia, and respiratory distress. However, the majority (13 of 24 cases, 54%) presented as sudden death. The underlying cause of splenic rupture was established as follows: 16 cases (67%) secondary to babesiosis, 4 cases (17%) due to lymphoma, 1 case (4%) due to a thrombus, 1 case (4%) due to external trauma, 1 case due to a ruptured nodular lymphoid hyperplasia (4%), and 1 case of undetermined cause (4%). Hypovolemic shock caused by splenic rupture is an important cause of death of dairy cattle, and babesiosis and bovine leukemia virus-associated lymphoma are among the most common etiologic diagnoses (84% of cases). The description of the causes of this condition is important to clarify the pathogenesis and occurrence of splenic rupture in dairy cattle.