使用污水处理厂的堆肥污泥作为土壤改良剂是回收有机碳、氮和磷等养分的常见做法。发展中国家大城市产生的污水经常受到各种重金属（HM）的污染，最终形成堆肥污泥。因此，使用此类堆肥污泥可能会造成生态和人类健康风险。因此，了解污泥-土壤-植物系统中的重质易位至关重要。本研究旨在研究污泥-土壤-植物系统中的重金属易位。使用同步辐射诱导X射线荧光光谱法和原子吸收光谱技术测量HM易位。结果表明，从污泥到菠菜厂的重金属迁移率很高（高达 2628.5 mg kg-1）。金属积累量(mg kg-1)依次为Fe(950.55-2628.5) > Zn(20.11-172.13) > Cu(13.86-136.17) > Mn(2.13-34.67) > Cd(0.11-31.17) > 铅(1.50-30.16) > Co(0.18-9.85)As(0.02-7.80) > Cr(0.01-5.69)。观察到的累积量取决于污水处理厂 (STP) 中处理的污水量，并按顺序控制变化 < (8 MLD Bhagwanpur, STP 1) < (80 MLD Dinapur, STP2) < (140 MLD Dinapur, STP3)因此 HM 负载进入 STP。金属转移因子、生物富集因子和易位因子值也与菠菜根部和茎部中 Fe、Cu、Pb、Cd 和 Zn 的丰度相关。砷、镉、铬和铅等重金属致癌物的致癌风险表明，儿童食用菠菜更容易患癌症。因此，在将污泥应用于农业领域之前，有必要对其中存在的重金属进行评估。© 2024。作者获得 Springer Nature B.V. 的独家许可。

The use of composted sludge from sewage treatment plants as a soil amendment is a common practice of recycling nutrients like organic carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The sewage generated in larger cities of developing countries is often contaminated with various heavy metals (HMs) that ultimately end up in composted sludge. Thus, using such composted sludge is likely to pose ecological and human health risks. Hence, the knowledge of HM translocation in sludge-soil-plant systems is of vital importance. The present study was aimed at investigating the HM translocation in sludge-soil-plant system. The HM translocation was measured using synchrotron radiation-induced x-ray fluorescence spectrometry and atomic absorption spectroscopic techniques. The results indicated high HM mobility (up to 2628.5 mg kg-1) from sludge to spinach plant. The metal accumulation (mg kg-1) ranged in the order-Fe (950.55-2628.5) > Zn (20.11-172.13) > Cu (13.86-136.17) > Mn (2.13-34.67) > Cd (0.11-31.17) > Pb (1.50-30.16) > Co (0.18-9.85) As (0.02-7.80) > Cr (0.01-5.69). This observed accumulation depended on the volume of sewage being treated in the sewage treatment plant (STP) and varied in the order control < (8 MLD Bhagwanpur, STP 1) < (80 MLD Dinapur, STP2) < (140 MLD Dinapur, STP3) hence the HM load coming into STPs. The metal transfer factor, bioconcentration factor, and translocation factor values also correlated with the abundance of Fe, Cu, Pb, Cd, and Zn in spinach root and shoot compartments. The carcinogenic risk for heavy metal carcinogens like As, Cd, Cr, and Pb revealed children being more prone to cancer upon spinach consumption. Hence, it is necessary to assess the heavy metals present in the sludge prior to its application in agricultural fields.© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.