免疫反应的激活在视网膜疾病的发展中起着重要作用。有助于视网膜稳态的主要免疫细胞群之一是小胶质细胞，它代表了居住的巨噬细胞群。然而，在病理条件下，小胶质细胞被激活并支持有害的炎症反应和视网膜血管生成。因此，针对这些细胞可以提供针对视网膜神经炎症和新生血管形成的保护。在最近的研究中，我们分析了银纳米颗粒（AgNP）对体外和体内小胶质细胞的影响。我们发现 AgNP 在体外与受刺激的小鼠 CD45/CD11b 阳性细胞（小胶质细胞/巨噬细胞）相互作用，减少其一氧化氮和血管内皮生长因子的分泌，并调节 Iba-1 和白介素-1β（IL）基因的表达。 -1β）。在我们的体内实验小鼠模型中，玻璃体内应用促炎细胞因子肿瘤坏死因子-α、IL-1β和干扰素-γ的混合物诱导局部炎症并增加诱导型一氧化氮合酶、IL-α、IL基因的局部表达视网膜中的-1β和半乳糖凝集素-3。玻璃体内注射 AgNP 可显着抑制局部炎症反应的刺激。 AgNPs的应用还减少了神经炎症视网膜中CD11b/Galectin-3阳性细胞的存在，但不影响视网膜组织中细胞的活力和视紫红质基因的表达。这些数据表明，AgNP 调节患病视网膜中激活的小胶质细胞的反应性，因此可以为治疗多种视网膜疾病提供有益的效果。© 2024。作者。

Activation of immune response plays an important role in the development of retinal diseases. One of the main populations of immune cells contributing to the retinal homeostasis are microglia, which represent a population of residential macrophages. However, under pathological conditions, microglia become activated and rather support a harmful inflammatory reaction and retinal angiogenesis. Therefore, targeting these cells could provide protection against retinal neuroinflammation and neovascularization. In the recent study, we analyzed effects of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on microglia in vitro and in vivo. We showed that the AgNPs interact in vitro with stimulated mouse CD45/CD11b positive cells (microglia/macrophages), decrease their secretion of nitric oxide and vascular endothelial growth factor, and regulate the expression of genes for Iba-1 and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). In our in vivo experimental mouse model, the intravitreal application of a mixture of proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1β and interferon-γ induced local inflammation and increased local expression of genes for inducible nitric oxide synthase, IL-α, IL-1β and galectin-3 in the retina. This stimulation of local inflammatory reaction was significantly inhibited by intravitreal administration of AgNPs. The application of AgNPs also decreased the presence of CD11b/Galectin-3 positive cells in neuroinflammatory retina, but did not influence viability of cells and expression of gene for rhodopsin in the retinal tissue. These data indicate that AgNPs regulate reactivity of activated microglia in the diseased retina and thus could provide a beneficial effect for the treatment of several retinal diseases.© 2024. The Author(s).