心血管疾病、癌症、炎症、肥胖和自身免疫性疾病等慢性疾病的风险与膳食脂肪的质量有关，饱和脂肪的摄入量较低，n-6和n-3多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）的摄入量较高被认为有益于健康。本研究调查了在母猪的生长期和整个妊娠期，以不同的 n-6/n-3 比例（8.26、7.92 和 2.72）添加生物强化的 n-6 或 n-3 PUFA 的牛奶对母猪日粮的影响。哺乳期对其生殖性能和免疫炎症状态的影响。具体来说，我们分析了血清、初乳和牛奶的循环胆固醇和脂肪酸谱、母猪体重和新生儿初乳摄入量、阿普加评分、肌肉成分和胚胎活力。通过分析循环免疫球蛋白 (Ig)、白细胞介素和类二十烷酸以及补体系统溶血活性来评估母猪和仔猪的炎症和免疫反应。研究了母猪和仔猪肝脏中脂肪分解和脂肪生成基因的表达，并进一步研究了调节母猪食欲的下丘脑基因。饲喂含有 n-6 和 n-3 PUFA 生物强化的母乳可改变血清脂肪酸谱、降低甘油三酯 (TG)、增加胚胎总数、增加早期妊娠背膘并减少初乳 IgG。生物强化母猪的仔猪具有较高的循环 IgA、IgM 和 TNF-α，以及较低的 IL-10。饲喂 n-3 生物强化奶的母猪循环中的极低密度脂蛋白 (VLDL) 和 TNF-α 较高。与喂养 n-3 生物强化奶的母猪相比，喂养 n-6 的母猪后代的 IL-10 和 SREBP-1 表达水平较低。 N-3 与 n-6 相比还降低了母乳中的花生四烯酸 (ARA) 水平和仔猪活力 1。研究结果深入了解了在猪中添加生物强化奶的膳食补充剂的潜在健康益处，这是饮食营养研究的良好模型人类，因此可以在人类和动物群体的饮食建议中予以考虑。版权所有：© 2024 Reis 等人。这是一篇根据知识共享署名许可条款分发的开放获取文章，允许在任何媒体上不受限制地使用、分发和复制，前提是注明原始作者和来源。

The risk of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, cancer, inflammation, obesity, and autoimmune disease is linked to the quality of dietary fats, with lower intake of saturated and higher intake of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) considered beneficial to health. This study investigated the effect of supplementing sows' diets with cow's milk biofortified with n-6 or n-3 PUFA, at varying n-6/n-3 ratios (8.26, 7.92, and 2.72) during their growing phase and throughout gestation and lactation on their reproductive performance and immune-inflammatory status. Specifically, we analyzed circulating cholesterol and fatty acid profiles of serum, colostrum and milk, sow body weight, and neonate colostrum intake, Apgar scores, muscle composition, and embryo viability. Analysis of circulating immunoglobulins (Ig), interleukins, and eicosanoids and complement system hemolytic activity were used to evaluate inflammatory and immune responses of sows and piglets. Expression of lipolysis and lipogenic genes in the liver were investigated in sows and piglets, with additional investigation of hypothalamus genes regulating appetite in sows. Feeding sows milk biofortified with n-6 and n-3 PUFA altered serum fatty acid profiles, reduced triglycerides (TG), increased embryo total number, increased early gestation backfat, and reduced colostrum IgG. Piglets of biofortified sow had higher circulating IgA, IgM and TNF-α, and lower IL-10. Sows fed n-3 biofortified milk had higher very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) and TNF-α in circulation. Offspring from sows fed n-6 versus n-3 biofortified milk had lower IL-10 and expression levels of SREBP-1. N-3 versus n-6 also lowered arachidonic acid (ARA) levels in sow's milk and piglet viability 1. Findings offer insights into the potential health benefits of dietary supplementation with biofortified milk in swine, which serve as good model of diet-nutrition studies of humans, and therefore can potentially be considered in dietary recommendations both human and animal populations.Copyright: © 2024 Reis et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.