研究 T1rho（一种新的癌症定量成像序列）在治疗前和早期治疗中预测鼻咽癌 (NPC) 治疗反应的潜力，并将结果与​​弥散加权成像 (DWI) 的结果进行比较。T1rho 和 DWI对 41 名前瞻性招募的患者在治疗前和治疗早期进行了原发性鼻咽癌成像。根据放化疗 (CRT) 后所有患者的活检，比较残余组和非残余组之间的平均 preT1rho、preADC、intraT1rho、intraADC 以及 T1rho (ΔT1rho%) 和 ADC (ΔADC%) 的变化百分比 (n = 29 ）或无（​​n = 12）诱导化疗（IC），以及接受 IC ​​的亚组中对 IC 的反应者和非反应者之间的差异，使用 Mann-Whitney U 检验。 p 值 < 0.05 表示具有统计学意义。检测到平均 T1rho (p = 0.049) 和平均 ADC (p< 0.01) 的早期治疗内显着变化（使用配对 t 检验），大多数显示 T1rho 下降（ 63.4%），ADC 增加（95.1%）。与无反应者 (n = 12) 相比，IC 有反应者 (n = 17) 表现出更高的 preT1rho (64.0 ms vs 66.5 ms) 和 ΔT1rho% 更大的下降 (- 7.5% vs 1.3%) (p < 0.05) 。 CRT后的非残留组（n = 35）与残留组（n = 6）相比，显示出更高的intraADC（0.96 vs 1.09 × 10-3 mm2/s）和更大的ΔADC％增加（11.7％vs 27.0） %) (p = 0.02)。在 T1rho 上可以检测到早期治疗中的变化，并显示出预测 IC 后肿瘤缩小的潜力。 T1rho可能与DWI互补，与T1rho不同，DWI不能预测IC的反应，但可以预测CRT后的非残留疾病。T1rho在预测治疗反应方面有潜力补充DWI。与 DWI 不同，它预测 IC 后原发性 NPC 的缩小，但不预测 CRT 后残留疾病。T1rho 的变化在 NPC 癌症治疗过程中早期被检测到。治疗前和早期治疗中 T1rho 的变化可预测 IC 的反应，但不能预测 CRT 后的残留疾病。 T1rho 可用于补充 DWI，用 DWI 预测 CRT 后的残留疾病。© 2024。作者。

To investigate the potential of T1rho, a new quantitative imaging sequence for cancer, for pre and early intra-treatment prediction of treatment response in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and compare the results with those of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).T1rho and DWI imaging of primary NPCs were performed pre- and early intra-treatment in 41 prospectively recruited patients. The mean preT1rho, preADC, intraT1rho, intraADC, and % changes in T1rho (ΔT1rho%) and ADC (ΔADC%) were compared between residual and non-residual groups based on biopsy in all patients after chemoradiotherapy (CRT) with (n = 29) or without (n = 12) induction chemotherapy (IC), and between responders and non-responders to IC in the subgroup who received IC, using Mann-Whitney U-test. A p-value of < 0.05 indicated statistical significance.Significant early intra-treatment changes in mean T1rho (p = 0.049) and mean ADC (p < 0.01) were detected (using paired t-test), most showing a decrease in T1rho (63.4%) and an increase in ADC (95.1%). Responders to IC (n = 17), compared to non-responders (n = 12), showed higher preT1rho (64.0 ms vs 66.5 ms) and a greater decrease in ΔT1rho% (- 7.5% vs 1.3%) (p < 0.05). The non-residual group after CRT (n = 35), compared to the residual group (n = 6), showed higher intraADC (0.96 vs 1.09 × 10-3 mm2/s) and greater increase in ΔADC% (11.7% vs 27.0%) (p = 0.02).Early intra-treatment changes are detectable on T1rho and show potential to predict tumour shrinkage after IC. T1rho may be complementary to DWI, which, unlike T1rho, did not predict response to IC but did predict non-residual disease after CRT.T1rho has the potential to complement DWI in the prediction of treatment response. Unlike DWI, it predicted shrinkage of the primary NPC after IC but not residual disease after CRT.Changes in T1rho were detected early during cancer treatment for NPC. Pre-treatment and early intra-treatment change in T1rho predicted response to IC, but not residual disease after CRT. T1rho can be used to complement DWI with DWI predicting residual disease after CRT.© 2024. The Author(s).