骨髓炎、骨肉瘤和骨质疏松症等复杂的骨病常常会导致人体无法自我修复的临界骨缺损，需要先进的骨移植材料来修复。我们制造了用大蒜提取物 (GE) 功能化的 3D 打印磷酸三钙骨支架。 GE 被封装在纳米乳液 (GE-NE) 中以提高生物利用度和稳定性。 GE-NE 的药物包封率约为 73%，平均粒径为 158 nm，zeta 电位为 -14.2 mV。 GE-NE 从支架上的释放在酸性和生理介质中均显示出受控的双相释放曲线。骨肉瘤研究结果表明，GE-NE 可使癌细胞生长减少约 88%，同时对骨形成细胞没有细胞毒性。与未功能化支架相比，功能化支架与革兰氏阳性金黄色葡萄球菌和革兰氏阴性铜绿假单胞菌的相互作用显示细菌生长大幅减少90%以上。这些发现证明了 GE-NE 处理的多孔支架在治疗骨相关疾病方面的潜力，特别是对于非承重应用。

Complex bone diseases such as osteomyelitis, osteosarcoma, and osteoporosis often cause critical-size bone defects that the body cannot self-repair and require an advanced bone graft material to repair. We have fabricated 3D-printed tricalcium phosphate bone scaffolds functionalized with garlic extract (GE). GE was encapsulated in a nanoemulsion (GE-NE) to enhance bioavailability and stability. GE-NE showed ∼73% drug encapsulation efficiency, with an average particle size of 158 nm and a zeta potential of -14.2 mV. Release of GE-NEs from the scaffold displayed a controlled and biphasic release profile at both acidic and physiological mediums. Results from the osteosarcoma study show that GE-NE demonstrated ∼88% reduction in cancer cell growth while exhibiting no cytotoxicity toward bone-forming cells. Interaction for the functionalized scaffold with Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed a substantial reduction in bacteria growth by more than 90% compared to the unfunctionalized scaffold. These findings demonstrate the potential of GE-NEs-treated porous scaffolds to treat bone-related diseases, particularly for non-load bearing applications.