静脉血栓栓塞（VTE）是脑肿瘤患者的常见并发症。由于颅内出血 (ICH) 风险升高，急性 VTE 的治疗尤其具有挑战性。抗凝治疗发生脑出血的风险受到多种因素的影响，包括肿瘤类型、近期手术、合并用药、血小板计数和放射学特征。对于脑出血风险较高的患者，需要平衡抗凝治疗的益处与发生严重出血并发症的可能性。管理决策包括是否给予抗凝治疗、剂量、放置下腔静脉滤器、监测出血或进行性血栓的发生以及增加抗凝剂量。本文讨论了治疗脑肿瘤患者急性 VTE 的复杂性，并根据 VTE 诊断时是否存在 ICH 概述了治疗算法。通过基于案例的场景，我们说明了我们的抗凝方法，强调个体化风险评估和循证实践，以优化治疗结果，同时最大限度地降低脑肿瘤患者出血事件的风险。版权所有 © 2024 美国血液学会。

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common complication in patients with brain tumors. The management of acute VTE is particularly challenging due to an elevated risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Risk for developing ICH on anticoagulation is influenced by a number of factors including tumor type, recent surgery, concomitant medications, platelet counts, and radiographic features. In patients with a heightened risk for ICH, the benefits of anticoagulation need to be balanced against a likelihood of developing major hemorrhagic complications. Management decisions include whether to administer anticoagulation, at what dose, placement of an inferior vena cava filter, monitoring for development of hemorrhage or progressive thrombus, and escalation of anticoagulant dose. This article discusses the complexities of treating acute VTE in brain tumor patients, and outlines treatment algorithms based on the presence or absence of ICH at time of VTE diagnosis. Through case-based scenarios, we illustrate our approach to anticoagulation, emphasizing individualized risk assessments and evidence-based practices to optimize treatment outcomes while minimizing the risks of hemorrhagic events in patients with brain tumors.Copyright © 2024 American Society of Hematology.