尽管人们大力尝试开发有效的药物，但多发性骨髓瘤是第二常见的血液恶性肿瘤，其 5 年生存率约为 50%，复发率接近 100%，仍然无法治愈。因此，医学领域迫切需要创新和更有效的MM治疗方法。目前，治疗多发性骨髓瘤的标准方法是进行高剂量化疗，这通常与改善结果相关。然而，一个主要的限制因素是这些药物的显着副作用。此外，用于向肿瘤输送药物的策略限制了它们的功效，无论是从循环中快速清除还是在癌细胞中浓度不足。癌症治疗已从细胞毒性、非特异性化疗方案转向分子靶向、合理开发的药物，以提高疗效并减少副作用。纳米药物可以提供一种有效的替代方法来避免这些限制，将药物输送到复杂的骨髓微环境中并有效地到达骨髓瘤细胞。将药物放入纳米颗粒中可以使其药代动力学和药效学特征变得更好。这可以提高药物在肿瘤中的有效性，延长其在血液中循环的时间，并降低其脱靶毒性。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了合理设计纳米药物以达到最佳抗肿瘤治疗效果的几个标准。接下来，我们讨论用于 MM 治疗的纳米医学的最新进展。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。

Multiple myeloma, the second most common hematological malignancy, remains incurable with a 5-year survival rate of approximately 50 % and recurrence rates near 100 %, despite significant attempts to develop effective medicines. Therefore, there is a pressing demand in the medical field for innovative and more efficient treatments for MM. Currently, the standard approach for treating MM involves administering high-dose chemotherapy, which frequently correlates with improved results; however, one major limiting factor is the significant side effects of these medications. Furthermore, the strategies used to deliver medications to tumors limit their efficacy, whether by rapid clearance from circulation or an insufficient concentration in cancer cells. Cancer treatment has shifted from cytotoxic, nonspecific chemotherapy regimens to molecularly targeted, rationally developed drugs with improved efficacy and fewer side effects. Nanomedicines may provide an effective alternative way to avoid these limits by delivering drugs into the complicated bone marrow microenvironment and efficiently reaching myeloma cells. Putting drugs into nanoparticles can make their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles much better. This can increase the drug's effectiveness in tumors, extend its time in circulation in the blood, and lower its off-target toxicity. In this review, we introduce several criteria for the rational design of nanomedicine to achieve the best anti-tumoral therapeutic results. Next, we discuss recent advances in nanomedicine for MM therapy.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.