纵隔畸胎瘤很罕见，通常无症状，但具有临床意义的肿瘤，可表现出一系列症状，通常归因于周围关键解剖结构的压迫。在此，我们介绍一名 19 岁男性的病例，该患者因前纵隔大肿块而出现呼吸窘迫和胸痛，最终诊断为胸腺良性成熟畸胎瘤。放射影像显示一个巨大的、部分囊性的肿块压迫肺动脉、主动脉弓和左主支气管。由于症状表现，认为有必要进行手术切除。纵隔肿块切除术期间的麻醉管理提出了重大挑战，由于诱导后通气困难，需要立即进行胸骨切开术。肿块立即减压可改善通气和饱和度。尽管出现术后并发症，包括需要进行气管切开术的肺漏，但患者仍取得了显着的康复。麻醉策略是优先考虑避免使用肌肉松弛剂并维持自主通气，以减轻诱导期间的气道塌陷和血流动力学不稳定。麻醉、手术和重症监护团队之间的合作对于全面的术前评估、术中准备和术后护理至关重要。该病例强调了跨学科合作和精心规划的重要性，以优化接受纵隔畸胎瘤手术的患者的预后。版权所有 © 2024，Hasnain 等人。

Mediastinal teratomas are rare, often asymptomatic, but clinically significant neoplasms that can manifest with a spectrum of symptoms, frequently attributed to the compression of surrounding critical anatomical structures. Here, we present the case of a 19-year-old male with respiratory distress and chest pain attributed to a large anterior mediastinal mass, ultimately diagnosed as a benign mature teratoma of the thymus. Radiological imaging revealed a large, partially cystic mass compressing the pulmonary arteries, aortic arch, and left main bronchus. Surgical excision was deemed necessary due to symptomatic presentation. Anaesthesia management during mediastinal mass excision posed significant challenges, with prompt sternotomy due to ventilation difficulties after induction. Immediate decompression of the mass improved ventilation and saturation. Despite postoperative complications, including pulmonary leaks necessitating tracheostomy, the patient achieved significant recovery. Anaesthesia strategy was to prioritise avoiding muscle relaxants and maintaining spontaneous ventilation to mitigate airway collapse and hemodynamic instability during induction. Collaboration between anaesthesia, surgical, and intensive care teams is vital for comprehensive preoperative assessment, intraoperative readiness, and postoperative care. This case underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and meticulous planning to optimise outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for mediastinal teratomas.Copyright © 2024, Hasnain et al.