类器官技术的最新进展预示着生物医学研究的变革时代，其特点是复制人类肠道结构和功能复杂性的肠道类器官的出现。这些干细胞衍生的结构为研究肠道生理学、疾病发病机制和治疗干预提供了一个动态平台。该模型在复制细胞相互作用和组织动力学方面优于传统的二维细胞培养物。肠道类器官代表了个性化医疗的重大飞跃。它们为人类药物反应提供了预测模型，从而最大限度地减少对动物模型的依赖，并为更道德和相关的研究方法铺平道路。然而，从基本类器官模型到封装肠道多方面环境（包括其与微生物群落、免疫细胞和神经网络的相互作用）的更复杂的仿生系统的转变提出了重大的科学挑战。本综述重点关注克服这些障碍的最新技术进步，强调整合不同细胞类型以复制肠道免疫和神经成分的创新工程方法。它还探索了先进制造技术（例如 3D 生物打印和微流体技术）的应用，以构建更准确地复制人体组织结构的类器官。它们提供了对人类肠道复杂运作的见解，促进了有针对性的、有效的治疗方法的开发。这些进步有望彻底改变疾病模型和药物发现。未来的研究方向旨在进一步完善这些模型，使它们更易于访问和扩展，以便在科学探究和临床实践中更广泛地应用，从而预示着个性化和预测医学的新时代。版权所有 © 2024 郑，詹，王，范，孙，李、熊。

Recent advancements in organoid technology have heralded a transformative era in biomedical research, characterized by the emergence of gut organoids that replicate the structural and functional complexity of the human intestines. These stem cell-derived structures provide a dynamic platform for investigating intestinal physiology, disease pathogenesis, and therapeutic interventions. This model outperforms traditional two-dimensional cell cultures in replicating cell interactions and tissue dynamics. Gut organoids represent a significant leap towards personalized medicine. They provide a predictive model for human drug responses, thereby minimizing reliance on animal models and paving the path for more ethical and relevant research approaches. However, the transition from basic organoid models to more sophisticated, biomimetic systems that encapsulate the gut's multifaceted environment-including its interactions with microbial communities, immune cells, and neural networks-presents significant scientific challenges. This review concentrates on recent technological strides in overcoming these barriers, emphasizing innovative engineering approaches for integrating diverse cell types to replicate the gut's immune and neural components. It also explores the application of advanced fabrication techniques, such as 3D bioprinting and microfluidics, to construct organoids that more accurately replicate human tissue architecture. They provide insights into the intricate workings of the human gut, fostering the development of targeted, effective treatments. These advancements hold promise in revolutionizing disease modeling and drug discovery. Future research directions aim at refining these models further, making them more accessible and scalable for wider applications in scientific inquiry and clinical practice, thus heralding a new era of personalized and predictive medicine.Copyright © 2024 Zheng, Zhan, Wang, Fan, Sun, Li and Xiong.