皮下脂肪组织（SAT）是三层皮肤外皮的最深层组成部分。虽然基于肠系膜脂肪组织的免疫过程在代谢综合征的背景下得到了认可，但 SAT 传统上被认为主要用于能量储存，而对其免疫功能的关注较少。 SAT 蕴藏着免疫细胞和基质细胞的储存库，不仅对皮肤，而且对全身水平的代谢和免疫过程产生显着影响。这些过程包括伤口愈合、皮肤和全身感染、免疫代谢和自身免疫性疾病、炎症性皮肤病以及肿瘤性疾病。更好地了解 SAT 免疫功能在不同过程中的作用，可以为新型治疗干预措施开辟途径。针对 SAT 不仅可以解决 SAT 特定疾病，还可以为皮肤甚至全身性疾病提供潜在的治疗方法。本综述旨在全面概述 SAT 的结构和功能，重点介绍其在皮肤内外稳态和病理条件下的作用的最新进展，并讨论该领域未来研究的主要问题。© 2024 作者（ s）。欧洲过敏与临床免疫学研究院和约翰·威利出版的《过敏》

Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is the deepest component of the three-layered cutaneous integument. While mesenteric adipose tissue-based immune processes have gained recognition in the context of the metabolic syndrome, SAT has been traditionally considered primarily for energy storage, with less attention to its immune functions. SAT harbors a reservoir of immune and stromal cells that significantly impact metabolic and immunologic processes not only in the skin, but even on a systemic level. These processes include wound healing, cutaneous and systemic infections, immunometabolic, and autoimmune diseases, inflammatory skin diseases, as well as neoplastic conditions. A better understanding of SAT immune functions in different processes, could open avenues for novel therapeutic interventions. Targeting SAT may not only address SAT-specific diseases but also offer potential treatments for cutaneous or even systemic conditions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview on SAT's structure and functions, highlight recent advancements in understanding its role in both homeostatic and pathological conditions within and beyond the skin, and discuss the main questions for future research in the field.© 2024 The Author(s). Allergy published by European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.