脂质纳米颗粒已被认为是向局部实体瘤（尤其是单独或组合的脑肿瘤）递送各种成像和治疗剂的强大武器。令人鼓舞的是，基于脂质的纳米系统已被认为是安全的递送系统，甚至得到了美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 和欧洲药品管理局 (EMA) 的批准。最近，脂质纳米颗粒作为 COVID-19 mRNA 疫苗成为人们关注的焦点，其中脂质纳米颗粒在有效保护 mRNA 并将其递送至所需细胞方面发挥着重要作用。目前，具有更好的生化和生物物理稳定性的脂质纳米载体，即纳米脂质体、固体脂质纳米粒子、可电离脂质纳米结构等不断取得进展，已被人们所关注和报道。此外，脂质纳米结构由于其生物相容性、保护和将治疗药物输送到局部部位的能力以及更好的重现性和可靠性，被认为是多种疾病的多功能治疗平台。然而，脂质纳米颗粒在体内给药时仍然面临形态和生化变化。这些变化改变了脂质纳米颗粒在个性化脑肿瘤治疗诊断过程中的特定生物学和病理学反应。其次，脂质纳米药物仍面临负载物零过早泄漏、长期胶体稳定性和脱靶等重大挑战。在此，考虑到临床前和临床研究的主要方面，对用于脑肿瘤成像和治疗“治疗诊断”的各种基于脂质的纳米药物进行了回顾和总结。另一方面，还讨论了脂质治疗诊断系统的工程和生物学挑战以及不同脑肿瘤临床实践的相关优势和指南。这篇综述提供了用于脑肿瘤成像和治疗的基于脂质纳米颗粒的治疗诊断剂的深入知识。

Lipid nanoparticles have been recognized as a powerful weapon for delivering various imaging and therapeutic agents to the localized solid tumors, especially brain tumors individually or in combination. Promisingly, lipid-based nanosystems have been considered as safe delivery systems which are even approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA). One recent spotlight of lipid nanoparticles as COVID-19 mRNA vaccines where lipid nanoparticles play an important role in effectively protecting and delivering mRNA to the desired cells. As of now, successive progress in lipid-based nanocarriers, viz., nanoliposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, ionizable lipid nanostructures, etc., with better biochemical and biophysical stabilities, has been noticed and reported. Moreover, lipid nanostructures have been considered as versatile therapeutics platforms for a variety of diseases due to their biocompatibility, ability to protect and deliver therapeutics to the localized site, and better reproducibility and reliability. However, lipid nanoparticles still face morphological and biochemical changes upon their in vivo administration. These changes alter the specific biological and pathological response of lipid nanoparticles during their personalized brain tumor theranostics. Second, lipid nanomedicine still faces major challenges of zero premature leakage of loaded cargo, long-term colloidal stability, and off targeting. Herein, various lipid-based nanomedicines for brain tumor imaging and therapeutics "theranostics" have been reviewed and summarized considering major aspects of preclinical and clinical studies. On the other hand, engineering and biological challenges of lipid theranostics systems with relevant advantages and guidelines for clinical practice for different brain tumors have also been discussed. This review provides in-depth knowledge of lipid nanoparticle-based theranostics agents for brain tumor imaging and therapeutics.