许多小儿癌症患者患有长期认知困难。这项研究调查了从诊断到癌症治疗一年后认知和心理社会功能的发展，并揭示了认知和心理社会发展与各种危险因素之间的关联。这项回顾性临床记录审查包括 57 名年龄在 4-16 岁的患者，他们在癌症治疗开始时 (T1​​) 和癌症治疗后一年 (T2) 进行了检查，以评估工作记忆 (WM) 的发展情况，处理速度 (PS)、心理社会功能和生活质量 (QoL)。大约一半的患者表现出稳定/良好的认知发展（PS 51.9%；WM 41.4%）。另一半则表现出不利的认知发展，T1 和 T2 之间的表现有所下降。 51.6-77.4% 的人在 T1 和 T2 之间心理社会功能保持稳定/增强，QoL 评分保持稳定在 42.9-61.9% 之间。亲社会行为的变化与 PS 的发展相关（r = 0.472，p = 0.010）。 T1 的年龄预测 T2 的 PS (p = 0.020)，性别预测 T2 的同伴关系 (p = 0.046)。大约一半的患者表现出稳定/良好，而另一半则经历不良的认知发展。观察到的初始和随后认知表现的差异凸显了早期个体化患者监测和干预的重要性。影响：我们调查了儿科癌症患者从诊断到癌症治疗终止后一年的认知和社会心理发展。大约一半的患者在处理速度和工作记忆方面表现出稳定或良好的认知发展。另一半则表现出不利的认知发展，表现下降。基线工作记忆和处理速度与各自的变化分数呈负相关。亲社会行为的变化与处理速度的发展呈正相关。在儿科癌症及其治疗之后，早期个体化患者监测和干预至关重要。© 2024。作者。

Many patients after pediatric cancer suffer from long-term cognitive difficulties. This study investigates the development of cognitive and psychosocial functions between diagnosis and one year after cancer treatment and reveals insight into the association between cognitive and psychosocial development and various risk factors. This retrospective clinical record review included fifty-seven patients, aged 4-16 years, that were examined at the beginning of the cancer treatment (T1) and one year after cancer treatment (T2) to evaluate the development of working memory (WM), processing speed (PS), psychosocial functions, and quality of life (QoL). About half of the patients showed stable/favorable cognitive development (PS 51.9%; WM 41.4%). The other half exhibited a non-favorable cognitive development, with a decrease of performance between T1 and T2. In 51.6-77.4%, psychosocial functions remained stable/increased between T1 and T2 and QoL scores remained stable in 42.9-61.9%. Changes in prosocial behavior correlated with the development of PS (r = 0.472, p = 0.010). Age at T1 predicted PS at T2 (p = 0.020) and sex predicted peer relations at T2 (p = 0.046). About half of the patients showed stable/favorable whereas the other half experiencing non-favorable cognitive development. The observed disparities in initial and subsequent cognitive performances highlight the importance of early individualized patient monitoring and interventions. IMPACT: We investigated the cognitive and psychosocial development of pediatric cancer patients between diagnosis and one year after termination of cancer treatment. About half of the patients showed stable or favorable cognitive development in processing speed and working memory. The other half exhibited a non-favorable cognitive development, with decreasing performance. Baseline working memory and processing speed was negatively correlated with the respective change score. Changes in prosocial behavior were positively correlated with the development of processing speed. Early individualized patient monitoring and intervention is of crucial importance after pediatric cancer and its treatment.© 2024. The Author(s).