芳烃受体 (AhR) 是一种遍布全身的多功能环境传感器和转录因子，可对源自环境、我们的饮食、宿主微生物组和内部代谢过程的各种小分子做出反应。越来越多的证据强调了 AhR 作为众多生物功能（例如细胞分化、免疫反应、新陈代谢，甚至肿瘤形成）的关键调节剂的作用。 AhR 通常位于细胞质中，被激动剂激活后移动到细胞核，与芳基烃受体核转位子 (ARNT) 或缺氧诱导因子 1β (HIF-1β) 结合。然后，该复合物与外源反应元件（XRE）相互作用以控制关键基因的表达。 AhR 明显存在于各种关键免疫细胞中，最近的研究强调了它对先天免疫和适应性免疫的重大影响。这篇综述深入探讨了 AhR 结构、激活配体及其多方面作用的最新见解。我们探索 AhR 影响免疫细胞和淋巴细胞的复杂分子途径，强调其在控制炎症性疾病中的新兴重要性。此外，我们还讨论了开发调节 AhR 活性的靶向疗法的令人兴奋的潜力，为免疫相关疾病的医疗干预开辟了新途径。版权所有 © 2024 Bahman、Choudhry、Al-Rashed、Al-Mulla、Sindhu 和 Ahmad。

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a versatile environmental sensor and transcription factor found throughout the body, responding to a wide range of small molecules originating from the environment, our diets, host microbiomes, and internal metabolic processes. Increasing evidence highlights AhR's role as a critical regulator of numerous biological functions, such as cellular differentiation, immune response, metabolism, and even tumor formation. Typically located in the cytoplasm, AhR moves to the nucleus upon activation by an agonist where it partners with either the aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator (ARNT) or hypoxia-inducible factor 1β (HIF-1β). This complex then interacts with xenobiotic response elements (XREs) to control the expression of key genes. AhR is notably present in various crucial immune cells, and recent research underscores its significant impact on both innate and adaptive immunity. This review delves into the latest insights on AhR's structure, activating ligands, and its multifaceted roles. We explore the sophisticated molecular pathways through which AhR influences immune and lymphoid cells, emphasizing its emerging importance in managing inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we discuss the exciting potential of developing targeted therapies that modulate AhR activity, opening new avenues for medical intervention in immune-related conditions.Copyright © 2024 Bahman, Choudhry, Al-Rashed, Al-Mulla, Sindhu and Ahmad.