转染期间重排（RET）受体酪氨酸激酶在胚胎发生过程中各种解剖结构的发育中起着至关重要的作用，并参与许多生理细胞过程。该蛋白还与多种癌症类型的发生有关，例如甲状腺癌、非小细胞肺癌和多发性内分泌肿瘤。在乳腺癌中，特别是在雌激素受体阳性 (ER) 亚型中，RET 的活性非常重要。事实上，RET 似乎与肿瘤进展、治疗耐药和细胞增殖有关。然而，RET 改变影响乳腺癌预后及其对治疗反应的方式仍仅部分阐明。迄今为止，已经开发了几种 RET 激酶抑制剂，对 RET 抑制具有不同程度的选择性。这些分子在治疗 RET 驱动的肿瘤（包括一些乳腺癌病例）方面显示出显着的疗效。尽管有这些令人鼓舞的结果，但仍需要进一步研究以充分了解 RET 抑制在乳腺癌中的潜在作用。本综述旨在概括有关 RET 癌基因在乳腺癌中作用的现有证据，从其致病作用和潜在的预后作用，到 RET 抑制剂的临床应用。版权所有 © 2024 Di Grazia, Conti, Nucera, Motta, Martorana, Stella,马西米诺、朱利亚诺和维涅里。

The REarranged during Transfection (RET) receptor tyrosine kinase plays a crucial role in the development of various anatomical structures during embryogenesis and it is involved in many physiological cellular processes. This protein is also associated with the initiation of various cancer types, such as thyroid cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and multiple endocrine neoplasms. In breast cancer, and especially in the estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) subtype, the activity of RET is of notable importance. Indeed, RET seems to be involved in tumor progression, resistance to therapies, and cellular proliferation. Nevertheless, the ways RET alterations could impact the prognosis of breast cancer and its response to treatment remain only partially elucidated. Several inhibitors of RET kinase have been developed thus far, with various degrees of selectivity toward RET inhibition. These molecules showed notable efficacy in the treatment of RET-driven tumors, including some breast cancer cases. Despite these encouraging results, further investigation is needed to fully understand the potential role RET inhibition in breast cancer. This review aims to recapitulate the existing evidence about the role of RET oncogene in breast cancer, from its pathogenic and potentially prognostic role, to the clinical applications of RET inhibitors.Copyright © 2024 Di Grazia, Conti, Nucera, Motta, Martorana, Stella, Massimino, Giuliano and Vigneri.