GBM 是最常见、最具侵袭性的颅内原发性脑肿瘤；它起源于神经胶质祖细胞，总体生存率 (OS) 较差，且治疗选择有限。在这十年中，GBM 免疫疗法成为趋势，并且由于其更好的患者生存结果而优于几种传统疗法。本综述探讨了几种免疫治疗方法（免疫检查点阻断剂 (ICB)、CAR T 细胞疗法、癌症疫苗和过继性细胞疗法）的临床试验及其有效性和安全性。尽管取得了重大进展，但仍面临一些挑战（即免疫抑制微环境、异质性和血脑屏障（BBB）），阻碍了其免疫治疗潜力。此外，这些挑战经过临床研究，通过多种组合方法来解决，这将在本综述的后面部分进行讨论。因此，这篇综述提出了免疫治疗在 GBM 中的临床应用和潜力，并提供了整体的最新知识和未来前景。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Inc. 出版。

GBM is the most common, aggressive, and intracranial primary brain tumor; it originates from the glial progenitor cells, has poor overall survival (OS), and has limited treatment options. In this decade, GBM immunotherapy is in trend and preferred over several conventional therapies, due to their better patient survival outcome. This review explores the clinical trials of several immunotherapeutic approaches (immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs), CAR T-cell therapy, cancer vaccines, and adoptive cell therapy) with their efficacy and safety. Despite significant progress, several challenges (viz., immunosuppressive microenvironment, heterogeneity, and blood-brain barrier (BBB)) were experienced that hamper their immunotherapeutic potential. Furthermore, these challenges were clinically studied to be resolved by multiple combinatorial approaches, discussed in the later part of the review. Thus, this review suggests the clinical use and potential of immunotherapy in GBM and provides the holistic recent knowledge and future perspectives.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.