非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）具有侵袭性和预后不良的特点。早期检测和准确预测治疗反应对于改善患者预后仍然至关重要。在本研究中，我们研究了循环 microRNA (miRNA) 作为 NSCLC 患者非侵入性生物标志物的潜力。我们量化了 122 名参与者（78 名 NSCLC；44 名健康对照）血浆中 miRNA 的表达。采用生物信息学工具来识别 miRNA 组，以实现准确的 NSCLC 诊断。使用包含 4000 多名 NSCLC 患者的独立公开数据集进行验证。接下来，我们将 miRNA 表达与临床病理信息相关联，以确定独立的预后 miRNA 和预测抗 PD-1 治疗反应的 miRNA。我们确定了用于肺腺癌 (LUAD) 和鳞状细胞癌 (LUSC) 诊断的 miRNA 组合。 LUAD panel 包含 7 个循环 miRNA（miR-9-3p、miR-96-5p、miR-147b-3p、miR-196a-5p、miR-708-3p、miR-708-5p、miR-4652-5p） ），而 LUSC panel 包含 9 个 miRNA（miR-130b-3p、miR-269-3p、miR-301a-5p、miR-301b-5p、miR-744-3p、miR-760、miR-767-5p、 miR-4652-5p、miR-6499-3p）。此外，miR-135b-5p、miR-196a-5p、miR-31-5p (LUAD) 和 miR-205 (LUSC) 作为生存的独立预后标志物。此外，两个 miRNA 簇，即 miR-183/96/182 和 miR-767/105，在抗 PD-1 治疗的 LUAD 患者中表现出预测潜力。循环 miRNA 特征证明了 NSCLC 的诊断和预后价值，并可能指导治疗决策在临床实践中。© 2024。作者。

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is characterised by its aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Early detection and accurate prediction of therapeutic responses remain critical for improving patient outcomes. In the present study, we investigated the potential of circulating microRNA (miRNA) as non-invasive biomarkers in patients with NSCLC.We quantified miRNA expression in plasma from 122 participants (78 NSCLC; 44 healthy controls). Bioinformatic tools were employed to identify miRNA panels for accurate NSCLC diagnosis. Validation was performed using an independent publicly available dataset of more than 4000 NSCLC patients. Next, we correlated miRNA expression with clinicopathological information to identify independent prognostic miRNAs and those predictive of anti-PD-1 treatment response.We identified miRNA panels for lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) diagnosis. The LUAD panel consists of seven circulating miRNAs (miR-9-3p, miR-96-5p, miR-147b-3p, miR-196a-5p, miR-708-3p, miR-708-5p, miR-4652-5p), while the LUSC panel comprises nine miRNAs (miR-130b-3p, miR-269-3p, miR-301a-5p, miR-301b-5p, miR-744-3p, miR-760, miR-767-5p, miR-4652-5p, miR-6499-3p). Additionally, miR-135b-5p, miR-196a-5p, miR-31-5p (LUAD), and miR-205 (LUSC) serve as independent prognostic markers for survival. Furthermore, two miRNA clusters, namely miR-183/96/182 and miR-767/105, exhibit predictive potential in anti-PD-1-treated LUAD patients.Circulating miRNA signatures demonstrate diagnostic and prognostic value for NSCLC and may guide treatment decisions in clinical practice.© 2024. The Author(s).