迄今为止，创伤性脑损伤领域的研究很大程度上依赖于使用动物模型来确定潜在的治疗方法。然而，一系列失败的临床试验让许多科学家质疑在动物身上获得的临床前结果的转化可靠性。因此，寻找能够更好地复制创伤性脑损伤中的人类病理学的传统模型的替代品对于该领域至关重要。最近，已经实现了人脑类器官原位异种移植到活体动物模型中。本综述总结了有关这种新方法的现有文献，重点关注其在细胞替代疗法和疾病建模背景下的临床前研究中的潜在应用。鉴于这种方法在体内研究人类病理学的明显优势，我们在这里批判性地回顾其当前的局限性，同时考虑其在创伤性脑损伤研究中的可能应用。© 2024。作者。

Research in the field of traumatic brain injury has until now heavily relied on the use of animal models to identify potential therapeutic approaches. However, a long series of failed clinical trials has brought many scientists to question the translational reliability of pre-clinical results obtained in animals. The search for an alternative to conventional models that better replicate human pathology in traumatic brain injury is thus of the utmost importance for the field. Recently, orthotopic xenotransplantation of human brain organoids into living animal models has been achieved. This review summarizes the existing literature on this new method, focusing on its potential applications in preclinical research, both in the context of cell replacement therapy and disease modelling. Given the obvious advantages of this approach to study human pathologies in an in vivo context, we here critically review its current limitations while considering its possible applications in traumatic brain injury research.© 2024. The Author(s).