许多实体瘤表现出显着的遗传、细胞和生物物理异质性，这些异质性在疾病进展期间和治疗后动态演变。细胞组成、表型、空间关系和组织特性的不断变化给准确诊断和治疗患者带来了重大挑战。大部分复杂性在于解开不同肿瘤区室中的分子变化、它们如何在空间和时间上相互影响以及存在可能适合治疗目标的脆弱性。空间分析工具和技术的最新进展使人们能够对复杂肿瘤的基础生物学产生新的见解，从而更好地理解细胞类型、状态和微环境之间的复杂关系。在这里，我们回顾了该领域的一些最新发现，其中存在关键的知识和技术差距，以及用于研究空间肿瘤内异质性的空间测量和体外模型的进展。版权所有 © 2024 作者。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。

Many solid tumors exhibit significant genetic, cellular, and biophysical heterogeneity which dynamically evolves during disease progression and after treatment. This constant flux in cell composition, phenotype, spatial relationships, and tissue properties poses significant challenges in accurately diagnosing and treating patients. Much of the complexity lies in unraveling the molecular changes in different tumor compartments, how they influence one another in space and time and where vulnerabilities exist that might be appropriate to target therapeutically. Recent advances in spatial profiling tools and technologies are enabling new insight into the underlying biology of complex tumors, creating a greater understanding of the intricate relationship between cell types, states, and the microenvironment. Here we reflect on some recent discoveries in this area, where the key knowledge and technology gaps lie, and the advancements in spatial measurements and in vitro models for the study of spatial intratumoral heterogeneity.Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.