手性在正常生理过程的调节中发挥着至关重要的作用，并且广泛存在于生物体中。通过分子手性基团或连接体的不对称组装和/或接枝过程，可以赋予纳米材料手性，无论它们是天然的还是人造的。手性无机纳米材料具有独特的物理和化学特性，使其有别于常规纳米材料。它们还具有以特定方式与细胞和组织相互作用的能力，使其可用于各种生物医学应用，特别是在肿瘤的治疗中。尽管手性无机纳米材料在肿瘤微环境（TME）中的研究及其潜在应用不断增加，但缺乏全面总结手性无机纳米材料与TME之间复杂相互作用的文献。本文介绍了手性无机纳米材料的基本概念、分类、合成方法和理化特征。接下来，我们简要概述了 TME 的成分，如 T 细胞、巨噬细胞、树突状细胞和弱酸，然后讨论了几种针对这些成分的手性无机纳米颗粒的抗肿瘤作用及其在癌症治疗中的可能应用潜力。最后，揭示了手性无机纳米材料目前在癌症治疗中面临的挑战及其未来的研究领域。版权所有 © 2024。由 Elsevier Ltd 出版。

Chirality plays a crucial function in the regulation of normal physiological processes and is widespread in organisms. Chirality can be imparted to nanomaterials, whether they are natural or manmade, through the process of asymmetric assembly and/or grafting of molecular chiral groups or linkers. Chiral inorganic nanomaterials possess unique physical and chemical features that set them apart from regular nanomaterials. They also have the ability to interact with cells and tissues in a specific manner, making them useful in various biomedical applications, particularly in the treatment of tumors. Despite the growing amount of research on chiral inorganic nanomaterials in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and their promising potential applications, there is a lack of literature that comprehensively summarizes the intricate interactions between chiral inorganic nanomaterials and TME. In this review, we introduce the fundamental concept, classification, synthesis methods, and physicochemical features of chiral inorganic nanomaterials. Next, we briefly outline the components of TME, such as T cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and weak acids, and then discuss the anti-tumor effects of several chiral inorganic nanoparticles targeting these components and their potential for possible application during cancer therapy. Finally, the present challenges faced by chiral inorganic nanomaterials in cancer treatment and their future areas of investigation are disclosed.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.