肿瘤靶向治疗中的mRNA疫苗：机制、临床应用与发展趋势
mRNA vaccines in tumor targeted therapy: mechanism, clinical application, and development trends
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影响因子:11.5
分区:医学2区 / 医学：研究与实验2区 肿瘤学2区
发表日期:2024 Aug 31
作者:
Yu Gao, Liang Yang, Zhenning Li, Xueqiang Peng, Hangyu Li
DOI:
10.1186/s40364-024-00644-3
摘要
恶性肿瘤仍然是人类死亡的主要原因。在各种肿瘤治疗方式中，肿瘤疫苗持续显示出有效性和潜在的希望。这些疫苗具有特异性、安全性和耐受性等优点，其中以mRNA疫苗代表了具有前景的平台。通过将编码抗原的外源性mRNA引入体细胞，并通过基因表达系统合成抗原，mRNA疫苗能够有效诱导免疫反应。Katalin Karikó 和 Drew Weissman 因其在mRNA疫苗研究中的重大贡献，于2023年荣获诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。与传统肿瘤疫苗相比，mRNA疫苗具有制备快速、污染减少、不易整合和高生物降解性等多项优势。肿瘤靶向治疗是一种创新的治疗方式，能够精准靶向肿瘤细胞，减少对正常组织的损伤，剂量安全性高并表现出优异的疗效。目前，靶向治疗已成为恶性肿瘤的重要治疗选择。mRNA疫苗在肿瘤靶向治疗中的应用不断扩大，临床试验众多。本文系统概述了mRNA疫苗的靶向递送机制和诱导抗肿瘤免疫反应的机制，描述了mRNA疫苗在肿瘤靶向治疗中的最新研究和临床应用，并展望了未来mRNA疫苗在肿瘤靶向治疗中的发展趋势。
Abstract
Malignant tumors remain a primary cause of human mortality. Among the various treatment modalities for neoplasms, tumor vaccines have consistently shown efficacy and promising potential. These vaccines offer advantages such as specificity, safety, and tolerability, with mRNA vaccines representing promising platforms. By introducing exogenous mRNAs encoding antigens into somatic cells and subsequently synthesizing antigens through gene expression systems, mRNA vaccines can effectively induce immune responses. Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman were awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their great contributions to mRNA vaccine research. Compared with traditional tumor vaccines, mRNA vaccines have several advantages, including rapid preparation, reduced contamination, nonintegrability, and high biodegradability. Tumor-targeted therapy is an innovative treatment modality that enables precise targeting of tumor cells, minimizes damage to normal tissues, is safe at high doses, and demonstrates great efficacy. Currently, targeted therapy has become an important treatment option for malignant tumors. The application of mRNA vaccines in tumor-targeted therapy is expanding, with numerous clinical trials underway. We systematically outline the targeted delivery mechanism of mRNA vaccines and the mechanism by which mRNA vaccines induce anti-tumor immune responses, describe the current research and clinical applications of mRNA vaccines in tumor-targeted therapy, and forecast the future development trends of mRNA vaccine application in tumor-targeted therapy.