肿瘤靶向治疗中的mRNA疫苗：机制，临床应用和发育趋势
mRNA vaccines in tumor targeted therapy: mechanism, clinical application, and development trends
影响因子:11.50000
分区:医学2区 / 医学：研究与实验2区 肿瘤学2区
发表日期:2024 Aug 31
作者:
Yu Gao, Liang Yang, Zhenning Li, Xueqiang Peng, Hangyu Li
摘要
恶性肿瘤仍然是人类死亡率的主要原因。在肿瘤的各种治疗方式中，肿瘤疫苗始终显示出疗效和有希望的潜力。这些疫苗具有特异性，安全性和耐受性等优点，mRNA疫苗代表有前途的平台。通过将编码抗原编码抗原的外源mRNA引入体细胞中，然后通过基因表达系统合成抗原，mRNA疫苗可以有效诱导免疫反应。 KatalinKarikó和Drew Weissman因其对mRNA疫苗研究的巨大贡献而被授予2023年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。与传统的肿瘤疫苗相比，mRNA疫苗具有多种优势，包括快速制备，污染降低，非整合性和高生物降解性。靶向肿瘤的疗法是一种创新的治疗方式，可以精确地靶向肿瘤细胞，最大程度地减少对正常组织的损害，在高剂量下安全，并表现出极大的功效。目前，有针对性的治疗已成为恶性肿瘤的重要治疗选择。随着许多临床试验，MRNA疫苗在肿瘤靶向疗法中的应用正在扩大。我们系统地概述了mRNA疫苗的靶向递送机制以及mRNA疫苗诱导抗肿瘤免疫反应的机制，描述了mRNA疫苗在涉及肿瘤靶向的治疗中的当前研究和临床应用，并预测mRNA疫苗在肿瘤含量含量的治疗中的未来发育趋势。
Abstract
Malignant tumors remain a primary cause of human mortality. Among the various treatment modalities for neoplasms, tumor vaccines have consistently shown efficacy and promising potential. These vaccines offer advantages such as specificity, safety, and tolerability, with mRNA vaccines representing promising platforms. By introducing exogenous mRNAs encoding antigens into somatic cells and subsequently synthesizing antigens through gene expression systems, mRNA vaccines can effectively induce immune responses. Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman were awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their great contributions to mRNA vaccine research. Compared with traditional tumor vaccines, mRNA vaccines have several advantages, including rapid preparation, reduced contamination, nonintegrability, and high biodegradability. Tumor-targeted therapy is an innovative treatment modality that enables precise targeting of tumor cells, minimizes damage to normal tissues, is safe at high doses, and demonstrates great efficacy. Currently, targeted therapy has become an important treatment option for malignant tumors. The application of mRNA vaccines in tumor-targeted therapy is expanding, with numerous clinical trials underway. We systematically outline the targeted delivery mechanism of mRNA vaccines and the mechanism by which mRNA vaccines induce anti-tumor immune responses, describe the current research and clinical applications of mRNA vaccines in tumor-targeted therapy, and forecast the future development trends of mRNA vaccine application in tumor-targeted therapy.