恶性肿瘤仍然是人类死亡的主要原因。在肿瘤的各种治疗方式中，肿瘤疫苗始终显示出疗效和良好的潜力。这些疫苗具有特异性、安全性和耐受性等优势，其中 mRNA 疫苗代表了有前景的平台。通过将编码抗原的外源mRNA引入体细胞，随后通过基因表达系统合成抗原，mRNA疫苗可以有效诱导免疫反应。卡塔琳·卡里科（Katalin Karikó）和德鲁·韦斯曼（Drew Weissman）因其对 mRNA 疫苗研究的巨大贡献而被授予 2023 年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。与传统肿瘤疫苗相比，mRNA疫苗具有制备快速、污染少、不可整合、生物降解性高等优点。肿瘤靶向治疗是一种创新的治疗方式，能够精确靶向肿瘤细胞，最大限度地减少对正常组织的损害，高剂量安全，疗效好。目前，靶向治疗已成为恶性肿瘤的重要治疗选择。 mRNA疫苗在肿瘤靶向治疗中的应用正在扩大，大量临床试验正在进行中。我们系统概述了mRNA疫苗的靶向递送机制以及mRNA疫苗诱导抗肿瘤免疫反应的机制，描述了mRNA疫苗在肿瘤靶向治疗中的研究现状和临床应用，并预测了mRNA疫苗应用的未来发展趋势肿瘤靶向治疗。© 2024。作者。

Malignant tumors remain a primary cause of human mortality. Among the various treatment modalities for neoplasms, tumor vaccines have consistently shown efficacy and promising potential. These vaccines offer advantages such as specificity, safety, and tolerability, with mRNA vaccines representing promising platforms. By introducing exogenous mRNAs encoding antigens into somatic cells and subsequently synthesizing antigens through gene expression systems, mRNA vaccines can effectively induce immune responses. Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman were awarded the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their great contributions to mRNA vaccine research. Compared with traditional tumor vaccines, mRNA vaccines have several advantages, including rapid preparation, reduced contamination, nonintegrability, and high biodegradability. Tumor-targeted therapy is an innovative treatment modality that enables precise targeting of tumor cells, minimizes damage to normal tissues, is safe at high doses, and demonstrates great efficacy. Currently, targeted therapy has become an important treatment option for malignant tumors. The application of mRNA vaccines in tumor-targeted therapy is expanding, with numerous clinical trials underway. We systematically outline the targeted delivery mechanism of mRNA vaccines and the mechanism by which mRNA vaccines induce anti-tumor immune responses, describe the current research and clinical applications of mRNA vaccines in tumor-targeted therapy, and forecast the future development trends of mRNA vaccine application in tumor-targeted therapy.© 2024. The Author(s).