肾细胞癌是最常见的肾癌形式，透明细胞亚型约占病例的 75%。预测和预后生物标志物的识别已成为该领域研究的一个重要领域。尽管治疗取得了进步，但转移性肾细胞癌仍面临着巨大的挑战，生存率在很大程度上取决于治疗的最佳选择。这篇综述总结了有关肾细胞癌患者生物标志物的预后和预测价值的当前文献。我们进行了全面的文献检索，以确定引用该领域感兴趣的生物标志物的研究。我们根据研究的相关性、发表日期和研究质量来选择研究。对这些选定论文的数据进行了汇编和分析，以概述该领域当前的理解和进展。然后将这些发现综合成一个简明的讨论，强调当今肾细胞癌生物标志物的研究状况。虽然各种核酸和蛋白质生物标志物在其他恶性肿瘤中显示出前景，但由于缺乏经过验证的预测因子，它们在肾细胞癌中的应用仍然受到限制。本综述旨在强调肾细胞癌迫切需要强有力的预测和预后生物标志物，以指导临床医生制定最佳治疗策略。讨论涵盖了现有标记的局限性，并强调了该领域最新进展的重要性。尽管取得了这些进步，肾细胞癌生物标志物的临床应用仍需要进一步的研究和验证。

Renal cell carcinoma is as the most prevalent form of kidney cancer, with the clear cell subtype comprising approximately 75% of cases. The identification of predictive and prognostic biomarkers has emerged as a crucial area of research within the field. Despite advancements in treatment, metastatic renal cell carcinoma presents formidable challenges, with survival rates heavily dependent upon the optimal choice of treatment.This review summarizes the current literature regarding the prognostic and predictive value of biomarkers in patients with renal cell carcinoma. We conducted a comprehensive literature search to identify studies that reference biomarkers of interest in this domain. We selected studies based on their relevance, publication date, and the quality of the research. Data from these selected papers were compiled and analyzed to provide an overview of the current understanding and advancements in the field. The findings were then synthesized into a concise discussion highlighting the state of biomarker research in renal cell carcinoma today.While various nucleic acid and protein biomarkers have shown promise in other malignancies, their application in renal cell carcinoma remains limited by the lack of validated predictors. This review aims to highlight the pressing need for robust predictive and prognostic biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma to guide clinicians in tailoring optimal therapeutic strategies. The discussion encompasses the limitations of existing markers and underscores the significance of the most recent advancements within the field. Despite these strides, the clinical application of renal cell carcinoma biomarkers requires further study and validation.