纳米分子机器：通过先进诊断和治疗开创肿瘤疾病的精准医疗
Nanomolecular machines: Pioneering precision medicine for neoplastic diseases through advanced diagnosis and treatment
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影响因子:4.2
分区:生物学2区 / 生物物理2区 生化与分子生物学3区
发表日期:2024 Dec
作者:
Ruming Li, Jialu Qian, Xiao Zhu, Tao Tao, Xiaorong Zhou
DOI:
10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167486
摘要
肿瘤对人类健康构成重大威胁，每年约占全球死亡的六分之一。主要治疗方法包括手术、放疗、化疗和免疫治疗，但都伴有显著副作用。这促使人们寻求副作用少、特异性更高的新疗法。纳米技术成为这一领域的有力工具，特别是纳米尺度的纳米分子机器。纳米分子机器通常由蛋白质、DNA和RNA等生物大分子构成。这些机器可以被编程执行特定任务，具有精确的操作指令。最新研究显示，它们在肿瘤诊断方面具有潜力，比如识别易感基因、检测病毒和肿瘤标志物。在肿瘤治疗方面，纳米分子机器可以通过递送化疗药物、增强免疫治疗来减少传统治疗的副作用，并支持声动力学和光动力学等新型疗法。此外，它们还能通过阻断血管或破坏细胞膜和溶酶体来“饿死”肿瘤。这篇综述对分子机器的最新研究成果进行分类和阐述，探讨其模型及在肿瘤诊断和治疗中的实际临床应用，旨在拓宽研究视角，加快这些技术的临床转化。
Abstract
Tumors pose a major threat to human health, accounting for nearly one-sixth of global deaths annually. The primary treatments include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, each associated with significant side effects. This has driven the search for new therapies with fewer side effects and greater specificity. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field in this regard, particularly nanomolecular machines at the nanoscale. Nanomolecular machines are typically constructed from biological macromolecules like proteins, DNA, and RNA. These machines can be programmed to perform specialized tasks with precise instructions. Recent research highlights their potential in tumor diagnostics-identifying susceptibility genes, detecting viruses, and pinpointing tumor markers. Nanomolecular machines also offer advancements in tumor therapy. They can reduce traditional treatment side effects by delivering chemotherapy drugs and enhancing immunotherapy, and they support innovative treatments like sonodynamic and phototherapy. Additionally, they can starve tumors by blocking blood vessels, and eliminate tumors by disrupting cell membranes or lysosomes. This review categorizes and explains the latest achievements in molecular machine research, explores their models, and practical clinical uses in tumor diagnosis and treatment. It aims to broaden the research perspective and accelerate the clinical adoption of these technologies.