纳米分子机器：通过晚期诊断和治疗的开创性肿瘤疾病的精确医学
Nanomolecular machines: Pioneering precision medicine for neoplastic diseases through advanced diagnosis and treatment
影响因子:4.20000
分区:生物学2区 / 生物物理2区 生化与分子生物学3区
发表日期:2024 Dec
作者:
Ruming Li, Jialu Qian, Xiao Zhu, Tao Tao, Xiaorong Zhou
摘要
肿瘤对人类健康构成了重大威胁，每年占全球死亡的近六分之一。主要疗法包括手术，放疗，化学疗法和免疫疗法，每种都与显着的副作用有关。这促使人们寻找具有更少副作用和更特异性的新疗法。在这方面，纳米技术已经成为一个有希望的领域，尤其是纳米级的纳米分子机器。纳米分子机通常由蛋白质，DNA和RNA等生物学大分子构建。可以对这些机器进行编程以使用精确的说明执行专业任务。最近的研究强调了它们在肿瘤诊断识别易感基因，检测病毒和照明肿瘤标记中的潜力。纳米分子机器还提供了肿瘤疗法的进步。它们可以通过提供化学疗法药物并增强免疫疗法来减少传统的治疗副作用，并支持像声学和光疗那样创新疗法。此外，它们可以通过阻塞血管来饿死肿瘤，并通过破坏细胞膜或溶酶体来消除肿瘤。这篇综述对分子机研究中的最新成就进行了分类和解释，探讨了它们的模型以及肿瘤诊断和治疗中的实际临床用途。它旨在扩大研究的观点并加速这些技术的临床采用。
Abstract
Tumors pose a major threat to human health, accounting for nearly one-sixth of global deaths annually. The primary treatments include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy, each associated with significant side effects. This has driven the search for new therapies with fewer side effects and greater specificity. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising field in this regard, particularly nanomolecular machines at the nanoscale. Nanomolecular machines are typically constructed from biological macromolecules like proteins, DNA, and RNA. These machines can be programmed to perform specialized tasks with precise instructions. Recent research highlights their potential in tumor diagnostics-identifying susceptibility genes, detecting viruses, and pinpointing tumor markers. Nanomolecular machines also offer advancements in tumor therapy. They can reduce traditional treatment side effects by delivering chemotherapy drugs and enhancing immunotherapy, and they support innovative treatments like sonodynamic and phototherapy. Additionally, they can starve tumors by blocking blood vessels, and eliminate tumors by disrupting cell membranes or lysosomes. This review categorizes and explains the latest achievements in molecular machine research, explores their models, and practical clinical uses in tumor diagnosis and treatment. It aims to broaden the research perspective and accelerate the clinical adoption of these technologies.