近几十年来，细胞疗法已成为治疗疾病最有前途的方法之一。干细胞在抗肿瘤治疗中的应用取决于它们不同的增殖、迁移和分化能力。这些能力来自不同的来源。在癌症治疗中使用干细胞载体的合理性有以下三个原因：（I）保护治疗剂免受迅速的生物恶化； (II)减少全身副作用； (III) 提高局部治疗水平，因为干细胞具有靶向肿瘤的先天能力。肿瘤微环境中干细胞的数量决定了该系统的抗肿瘤活性。然而，不同类型干细胞的使用存在局限性。当免疫细胞用于细胞治疗时，可能会导致细胞因子风暴和对自身抗原的不当反应。此外，使用干细胞可能会导致癌症。此外，静脉注射后，细胞无法迁移到损伤部位。因此，来自不同细胞的外泌体被提议作为可能的治疗选择。外泌体因其尺寸小、生物相容性以及储存和分离简单而变得越来越受欢迎。多项研究表明，在外泌体中添加各种药物和 microRNA 可能会增强其治疗效果。因此，有必要评估封装外泌体治疗效果的研究。在这篇综述中，我们研究了封装外泌体在再生医学和癌症治疗中的应用。结果表明，当使用封装的外泌体而不是完整的外泌体时，治疗潜力会增加。因此，为了优化治疗效果，建议根据治疗类型实施该技术。版权所有 © 2024。Elsevier B.V. 出版。

Cell therapy has emerged as one of the most promising approaches to treating disease in recent decades. The application of stem cells in anti-tumor therapy is determined by their varying capacity for proliferation, migration, and differentiation. These capacities are derived from different sources. The use of stem cell carriers in cancer treatment is justified by the following three reasons: (I) shield therapeutic agents from swift biological deterioration; (II) reduce systemic side effects; and (III) increase local therapeutic levels since stem cells have an innate ability to target tumors. The quantity of stem cells confined to the tumor microenvironment determines this system's anti-tumor activity. Nevertheless, there are limitations to the use of different types of stem cells. When immune cells are used in cell therapy, it may lead to cytokine storms and improper reactions to self-antigens. Furthermore, the use of stem cells may result in cancer. Additionally, after an intravenous injection, cells could not migrate to the injury location. Exosomes derived from different cells were thus proposed as possible therapeutic options. Exosomes are becoming more and more well-liked because of their small size, biocompatibility, and simplicity in storage and separation. A number of investigations have shown that adding various medications and microRNAs to exosomes may enhance their therapeutic effectiveness. Thus, it is essential to evaluate studies looking into the therapeutic effectiveness of encapsulated exosomes. In this review, we looked at studies on encapsulated exosomes' use in regenerative medicine and the treatment of cancer. The results imply that the therapeutic potential increases when encapsulated exosomes are used rather than intact exosomes. Therefore, in order to optimize the effectiveness of the treatment, it is advised to implement this technique in accordance with the kind of therapy.Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.